越南伪书的产生和流传:从历史角度考察陈国峻《兵书要略》(A.476)

The Birth and Circulation of a Forgery in Vietnam:Examining Tran Quoc Tuan’s Binh thu yeu luoc(A.476)from a Historical Perspective

本文讨论越南伪书《兵书要略》(A.476)产生的历史背景及翻译和流传情况。1986年,越南学者吴德寿从版本学出发指出《兵书要略》(A.476)系19世纪中期的伪书,我同意这一结论,但认为有必要从历史角度来进一步研究这一问题。本文指出,在13世纪元越战争之后,一直到19世纪,没有任何证据显示陈国峻辑录的《兵书要略》流传下来。19世纪中期,法国对越南的入侵催生了一个编撰兵书的热潮,而《兵书要略》(A.476)就是在这样的背景下被伪造出来的。20世纪中期,越南战争又促使南北越的学者们研究、翻译伪书《兵书要略》。越南学者虽然也不同程度地怀疑其真实性,但却始终不愿隔断其与陈国峻的关系。本文认为,《兵书要略》(A.476)与陈国峻没有任何关系,是彻底打破这个"神话"的时候了!

This article discusses the historical background of the forgery of Tran Quoc Tuan’s Binh thu yeu luoc(A.476)and its modern translation and circulation in and outside Vietnam.In 1986,Vietnamese scholar Ngo Duc Tho argued that Tran Quoc Tuan’s Binh thu yeu luoc(A.476)was a forgery created in the mid-19^(th)century through examining its contents.I agree with Ngo Duc Tho’s basic conclusion but will further the issue by showing from a historical perspective that,after Tran Quoc Tuan’s Binh thu yeu luoc served its purpose in repelling the Mongol invasions in the late 13^(th)century,from the 14^(th)to the 19 th centuries,there is no evidence whatsoever to show that Binh thu yeu luoc had ever survived.The French invasion of Vietnam in the mid-19^(th)century aroused a fever of compiling military treatises(bing shu/binh thu),and it was against this background that the Binh thu yeu luoc(A.476)was forged in under the name Tran Quoc Tuan.From the mid-20^(th)century on,the fighting of the Vietnam War urged historians in both North and South Vietnams to study and translate Binh thu yeu luoc(A.476)in classical Chinese into modern Vietnamese and hence the book started to circulate.Though doubting its authenticity to some degree,Vietnamese historians never completely server its connection to Tran Quoc Tuan.This articles calls for this disassociation.