合法性、改革与争议:印度尼西亚佐科时期的政治经济发展之困

Legitimacy,Reformation and Dispute:The Difficulties of Political and Economic Development Under the Jokowi Government in Indonesia

出于全面经济改革和振兴疫情下印度尼西亚经济的考虑,佐科政府频繁修订法律,并且利用集权和疫情加速法律修订以获得改革的合法性,但也使得许多法律修订案的颁布过于仓促草率,法案内容和程序皆不合法,政府、国会与民众的政治沟通质量低下,民意基础薄弱,最终引发此起彼伏的大规模示威和批评。管控不力和示威浪潮严重侵蚀佐科政治资本,使佐科及其执政联盟的支持率下降,使其推动的改革计划更难以为继,形成恶性循环。总体而言,佐科政府缺乏全面性、协调性和科学性的“唯发展主义”模式,在其第二任期内频频陷入管控失效的境地。频繁的示威游行表达着民众对印度尼西亚政治经济发展的双重担忧:一是担心民主倒退,威权主义复辟;二是担心政府与大财团共谋,将大量的公共权力、财产和资源高度集中的权力及私有财产和资源。疫情将在某种程度上放大印度尼西亚的政治经济发展之困,如疫情管控和治理不力等,将引发更严重的后果。

In order to implement the comprehensive economic reform and revitalize the Indonesian economy under the epidemic of COVID-19,the Jokowi government frequently revised the laws and accelerated the progress through the epidemicand centralization of power to obtain the legitimacy of the reformation.However,the promulgation of many law amendments was too hasty,the contents and procedures of the bills were illegal,and there was a lack of sufficient and authentic public consultation.The poor political communication with the public and the weak public opinion foundation eventually led to large-scale demonstrations and criticism.Poor control and the wave of demonstrations have seriously eroded Jokowi’s political capital,reducing his support rate with his ruling coalition,making it more difficult for his reformation plan to continue and forming a vicious circle.In general,the Jokowi government lacks a comprehensive,coordinated and scientific neo-developmentalism model,and frequently falls into the situation of control failure in the second term.Frequent demonstrations have expressed the public’s dual concerns about Indonesia’s political and economic development.First,they are worried about the retrogression of democracy and the restoration of authoritarianism;secondly,they are worried about the collusion between the government and the large consortia to turn a large amount of public power,property and resources into private power,personal belongings and highly centralized authority.The epidemic will increase Indonesia's political and economic difficulties to a certain extent.If the control is not effective,it will lead to more serious consequences.