高效型水田行-株间同步机械除草装置设计与试验

Design and Test of High Efficiency Mechanical Weeding Device for Inter-row and Intra-row Synchronization in Paddy Field

为了有效去除水稻行间、株间杂草,提高机械除草的作业效率,研制了一种高效型水田行-株间同步机械除草装置。该装置与水田插秧机底盘配套,分别配备株间和行间除草部件,可同时对株间、行间杂草及土壤进行剪切、翻耕,并采用二级仿形机构配合除草部件完成作业。田间试验结果表明:影响除草率和伤苗率的主次顺序均为前进速度>除草轮类型;随着机具前进速度增加,除草率和伤苗率均先降后升。综合试验结果表明:伞状除草轮(A)平均除草率最高,在0.7m/s和1.0m/s前进速度下,株间平均除草率为74.6%,整机平均除草率为83.6%,平均伤苗率为1.6%,符合水稻田机械除草作业的技术指标。

In order to effectively eliminate weeds between the inter-row and intra-row in paddy fields,improve the operation efficiency of mechanical weeding and reduce the application amount of chemical herbicides,an efficient synchronous mechanical weeding device was developed in this research.The device is matching with the chassis of the paddy field tractor and is respectively assembled by two different weeding device,so that weeds and soil can be sheared and stirred at the same time.The results of field experiments showed that the forward speed had more influence on the rate of weeding and seedling injury than the type of weeding wheel.As the advancing speed of the machine increases,the rate of seedling injury and the rate of careless removal both decrease first and then increase.The comprehensive test results showed that the umbrella-shaped weeding wheel(A)has the highest average weeding rate,at the forward speeds of 0.7 m/s and 1.0 m/s,the average weeding rate among plants was 74.6%,the average weeding rate of the whole device was 83.6%,and the average seedling injury rate was 1.6%,which met the technical indexes of mechanical weeding operation in paddy fields.