水肥一体机吸肥性能影响因素试验分析

Experimental Analysis on Influence Factors of Fertilizer Suction Performance of Integrated Irrigation and Fertilizer Applicator

针对文丘里和施肥泵组合结构的水肥一体机,分析了其结构组成和工作原理,得出了影响吸肥性能的主要因素,包括主管压力、主管流量、进口压力、施肥泵流量、通道数量、吸肥口数量、液位高度、过滤器等。在此基础上构建了试验装置,并进一步通过试验研究了这些因素对吸肥性能的影响。结果表明:主管压力对吸肥性能影响取决于施肥泵扬程,当施肥泵扬程大于主管最大压力约10m时没有影响,否则会产生显著影响;施肥泵流量在一定范围内与吸肥流量呈线性关系,需大于5个通道文丘里吸肥器工作流量总和时才能工作良好;施肥管道进口压力对吸肥流量影响较大,进口压力越高,吸肥流量越小,进口压力为0.1~0.2MPa时较合适;肥液桶内液位对吸肥流量有一定的影响,吸肥流量随着桶内液位升高而增加,20cm和100cm时相差约5%;主管流量、通道数量、吸肥口数量和有无过滤器对吸肥流量影响较小,参数选择合适时可以忽略。本研究可为水肥一体机设计和应用提供参考。

Aiming at integrated irrigation and fertilizer applicator with the structure combined venturi and fertilizer pump,the structure composition and working principle of the machine are analyzed.The main factors affecting the fertilizer suction performance are obtained,including main pipe pressure,main pipe flow,inlet pressure,fertilizer pump flow,number of channels,number of fertilizer suction inlets,liquid level height,filter,etc.On this basis,the experimental equipment was built,and the influence of these factors on the performance of fertilizer suction was further studied.The results show that:(1)The effect of the main pipe pressure on the suction performance depends on the head of the fertilizer pump.When the head of the fertilizer pump is about 10 m higher than the maximum pressure of the main pipe,there is no effect,otherwise it will have a significant impact.(2)In a certain range,the flow rate of fertilizer pump has a linear relationship with the flow rate of fertilizer suction,which needs to be greater than the sum of the working flow rates of 5 channels of venturi to work well.(3)The pressure at the inlet of fertilizer pipeline has a great influence on the flow rate of fertilizer suction,the higher the inlet pressure is,the smaller the flow rate of fertilizer suction is.The inlet pressure of 0.1-0.2 MPa is more appropriate.(4)The liquid level in the tank has a certain influence on the suction flow.The suction flow increases with the increase of liquid level in the tank,and the difference is about 5%between 20 cm and 100 cm.(5)The main pipe flow,the number of channels,the number of suction inlets and the filter have little influence on the suction flow,which can be ignored when the parameters are suitable.This paper can provide a reference for the design and application of integrated irrigation and fertilizer applicator.