气吸式玉米电动播种机控制系统设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Control System of Motor-driven Suction Corn Seeder

为提高气吸式播种机播种、施肥作业的自动化程度和作业质量,研制了气吸式玉米播种机电动播种及施肥控制系统。以嵌入式工控机为系统核心,单片机、电机、传感器构成播种和施肥控制器,每个排种器和排肥器配置独立电机和控制器,核心机把输入的株距、施肥量等信息通过CAN总线传输给控制器,控制器根据作业信息和作业速度实时调节排种电机和排肥电机转速、播种速度和施肥量。试验结果表明:样机株距合格率>97.1%,施肥相对误差<3.3%,可实现一机播多种作物,减少了机械调整操作,提高了播种的自动化程度。

In order to improve the level of automation and operation quality of suction corn seeder, seeding and fertilizing control system of motor-driven suction corn seeder was designed and experimented. IPC was used as the core of the control system. The seeding and fertilizing controller was constituted by MCU, motor and sensor. Every seeding apparatus and fertilizer apparatus was installed with independent motor and controller. IPC sent the information of row spacing and fertilization amount input to the controllers by means of CAN bus. According to operational information and speed, the controller regulated the rotation of the seeding motor and the fertilizing motor in real time. This changed seeding speed and fertilization amount. The experiment results showed that the seed space accuracy was 97.1%, the relative error of fertilization amount was 3.3%. The system realized to simple drive mechanism of seeder, sow multiple crops with a seeder, reduce operation of mechanism adjustment. It improved the automation level of seeding operation.