适用于山地手持式电动蓝莓采摘机的研制

Research and Development of Hand-held Pure Electric Blueberry Picker Suitable for Mountainous Regions

为解决我国山地蓝莓较难实现机械化采摘的问题,通过机械结构设计、电机控制策略设计,研制一款适用于山地的手持式纯电动蓝莓采摘机。该机采用振动原理,通过锂电池(14.8V·10Ah)为整机供电,总质量5.1kg,总长1850mm,有着体积小、质量轻以及制造成本低等特点,可轻便携带上山进行手持采摘。以贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州麻江县"灿烂"蓝莓为试验对象,分析振幅和振频对采摘结果的影响,进行人工、机械采摘对比试验。试验结果表明:频率设置在3~10Hz、振幅固定在±15°时,采摘效果最好,平均采摘效率为86.65%,平均采摘未熟果率为9.83%、平均采摘未采净果实率为1.48%,平均机采人采效率比为5.44,果实破损率为0%,树枝破损率为0%。

It is difficult to achieve mechanized picking of mountain blueberries in China. To solve this problem, a hand-held pure electric blueberry picker suitable for mountainous regions has been developed through mechanical structure design and motor control strategy design. The principle of vibration is taken for the machine, and the complete machine is powered by a lithium battery(14.8 V· 10 Ah), with a total weight of 5.1 Kg and a total length of 1850 mm. With the characteristics of small size, light weight, and low manufacturing cost, it can be easily carried up to the mountain for hand-held picking. The "brilliant" blueberries in Majiang County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, is taken as the test object to analyze the impact of amplitude and frequency on the picking results. A comparative test of manual and mechanical picking was carried out, and the test results show that: when the frequency is set at 3~10 HZ and the amplitude is fixed at ±15°, the picking effect is the best. The average picking efficiency is 86.65%, and the average picking rate of immature fruits is 9.83%. In addition, the average picking rate of unpicked fruits is 1.48%. Besides, the average efficiency ratio of machine to worker is 5.44, the damage fruit rate is 0%, and the branch damage rate is 0%.