BBNJ国际协定环评规则制定中的焦点问题分析及中国应对

An Analysis of the Key Issues in the Formulation of Rules concerning Environmental Impact Assessment in BBNJ Agreement and China’s Strategies

环境影响评价是正在制定中的国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性养护和可持续利用(BBNJ)国际协定的重要组成内容。作为一项国际法实践中得到普遍认可的环境管理工具,环境影响评价规则的最新发展再次引起国际社会广泛关注。这一国际立法进程以建立协调有效的BBNJ法律框架为目标,以不损害其他相关国际法律框架为原则,赋予了环境影响评价国际规则新的立法定位和现实意涵。在BBNJ环境影响评价立法中,主要规则内容的确立过程不仅深刻反映了国际海洋法治发展演进的趋势,更攸关各国海洋利益、权利和义务的分配。对于新形势下的中国而言,需要从参与国际法治和统筹国内法治两方面推动构建公正、合理的BBNJ国际环境影响评价规则体系。

Environmental impact assessment(EIA)is an important component of the international agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction(BBNJ Agreement)under development.As an environmental management tool well recognized in the prac-tice of international law,the latest development of EIA rules has once again aroused widespread concern in the international community.This international legislative process aims at establishing a coordinated and consistent BBNJ legal framework,and does not undermine other relevant international legal frameworks,which endows the international rules of EIA with new legislative orientation and practical implications.In BBNJ EIA legislation,the process of establishing the major rules not only profoundly reflects the evolution and development trend of this international ocean regime,but also relates to the distribution of marine interests,rights and obligations of all states.For China under the new situation,it is necessary to promote the building of a fairer and more equitable BBNJ EIA legal system from two aspects of participating in the international rule of law and improving the domestic rule of law.