1800年前后人类学话语张力场探究:克莱斯特《安菲特律翁》中的游戏、身份与认知危机

Tensions in Anthropological Discourse around 1800:Play,Identity,and Cognitive Crisis in Kleist’s Amphitryon

作为德语文学1800时期魏玛古典与浪漫主义之间的代表作家,克莱斯特揭露了希腊神话中阴暗、暴力、欲念、疯癫的层面,并在人物身上引入了现代意识。朱庇特化身安菲特律翁的神话素材,在他的创作中获得了全新的演绎。由扮演游戏引发的一系列感知混乱、情感迷惘、理性失效和身份认同问题,对古典人文主义所推崇的“完整的人”理念提出了挑战,映射了错综复杂的时代话语。对神话原型的重新塑造,既体现了对传统权威信仰体系的祛魅、对理性和感知等新型人类学模式的质疑,也暗示了情感冲动与道德、法律构成的冲突,全面展现了1800前后理性与感性、认识与感觉构成的张力场。文学对神话英雄的反复书写和不断替代,恰恰体现了在场的文本与隐匿的话语体系的永恒游戏。

As a representative writer of the period of German literature around 1800,between Weimar Classicism and Romanticism,Kleist not only reveals the darkness,violence,desire,and madness in Greek mythology,but also introduces modern consciousness to the characters of Greek drama.The story of Jupiter being incarnated as Amphitryon obtains new interpretation in his writing.The problems of perceptive disorder,emotional confusion,loss of rationality,and failure of identity raised in the play pose a challenge to the concept of“der ganze Mensch,”which was highly praised by classical humanism,and reflect the complex discourse of the era.The recreating of the mythical archetypes embodies the disenchantment with traditional belief systems of authority and the doubt about the new anthropological model of rationality and perception;it also implies the conflicts between emotional impulse,morality,and law,and fully shows the tension field that consists of reason and sensation,cognition and perception.The repeating and replacing of mythic heroes in literature is an embodiment of eternal game between present text and hidden discourse system.