北极问题:治理进程、态势评估及应对之策

Arctic Issues:Governance Process,Situation Assessment and Countermeasures

北极问题在复杂多变的国际形势下愈发受到世界各主要相关国家的关注。面对日趋复杂的全球北极问题,以北极国家和北极理事会为主导的传统北极治理模式已显得捉襟见肘,该领域的全球治理也不免出现“失灵”的局面。北极问题治理分为治理初始阶段、治理过渡阶段和以2007年俄罗斯“北冰洋底插旗事件”为起点至今的激烈角逐阶段。进而,北极问题治理完成了从封闭到开放、从区域向全球转变的发展过程。目前北极问题已从单纯的气候环境领域扩展到航线、资源、能源、主权、科考等更大范围的发展过程;既有航线主权争议、规则之争,也有北极理事会的作用等方面的问题。中国参与北极事务的深度治理可从以下方面展开:推动北极治理机制的完善、积极应对地缘政治威胁、以中俄合作为关键切入点、推动建设北极命运共同体等。

Under complex and volatile international situation,the Arctic issue has attracted more and more attention from major powers in the world.The traditional governance model led by the Arctic countries and the Arctic Council has been challenged and even shows the sign of"disorder".The governance of the Arctic issue can be divided into the initial stage,the transitional stage,and the fierce competition stage starting from"the planting of a Russian flag at the bottom of the Arctic Ocean"in 2007.It has completed the transition from closed model to open model,and from regional cooperation to global governance.Currently,the Arctic issue has expanded from the pure climate and environmental field to a wider range,including routes,resources,energy,sovereignty,scientific research,etc.The relevant disputes involve not only route sovereignty,rule,but also the role of the Arctic Council.China's participation in the in-depth governance of Arctic affairs can be carried out from the following aspects:improving the Arctic governance mechanism,actively responding to the geopolitical threats,taking China-Russia cooperation as the entry point,and promoting the construction of a community with a shared future for the Arctic.