俄罗斯“北极地区开发”国际合作政策制定和实施效果评析

Formulation and Implementation Effect of International Cooperation Policy for Russia's"Arctic Development"

开发俄属北极地区是俄罗斯北极政策的重要内容,为了实现开发俄属北极地区国家规划的目标,俄罗斯制定了“北极地区开发”国际合作政策,并在实践中通过项目合作、开发争议地区、发起国际倡议、进行论坛外交等方式寻求国际合作。从俄罗斯“北极地区开发”国际合作的政策内容和国际合作的实践看,俄罗斯“北极地区开发”国际合作具有务实和灵活的特点。俄罗斯将“北极地区开发”界定为经济议题,与北极的安全议题和环保议题做了明确划分;把合作对象选择范围从北极地区扩大到全球范围,寻求与地区外国家在北极地区开发上合作;通过成立“北极-对话区域”国际北极论坛,俄罗斯积极开展论坛外交,试图掌握“北极地区开发”的话语权。由于受北极安全问题和生态环境保护的制约,在西方经济制裁的背景下,俄罗斯“北极地区开发”国际合作面临巨大挑战。

Developing Russia's Arctic region is an important part of its Arctic policy.To achieve this goal,Russia has formulated the international cooperation policy for"Arctic Development",and seek practical cooperation through project cooperation,disputed areas exploitation,proposition of international initiative and forum diplomacy.In terms of its content and related practice,Russia's international cooperation policy for"Arctic Development"has shown the characteristics of pragmatism and flexibility.Russia defines"Arctic Development"as an economic issue,which is clearly distinguished from security issues and environmental issues;expands the scope of cooperating partners from the Arctic region to the whole world;establishes the International Arctic Forum—"The Arctic–Territory of Dialogue"and actively carries out forum diplomacy to take control of the discourse power in"Arctic Development".Constrained by the Arctic security issues and ecological needs as well as western economic sanctions,Russia's international cooperation in the development of the Arctic Region still faces enormous challenges.