俄罗斯林产品国际竞争力评析

Analysis on Russia's International Competitiveness in Forest Products

俄罗斯原木、锯材等低附加值林产品在国际市场上具有较强的竞争力,而制浆造纸类产品、人造板等高附加值林产品竞争力较低。影响俄罗斯林产品国际竞争力的因素包括俄罗斯卢布对世界主要货币汇率变动,计算采伐量与森林资源及木材蓄积总量之间的差距,季节变化与全球气候变暖,林产品加工技术与设备、固定资产折旧率高,传统的林产品加工模式导致极度的物耗和污染等。目前,提高林产品国际竞争力已经成为俄罗斯政府与森工企业的重要努力方向,具体措施包括分阶段提高原木出口关税,加快国际森林认证步伐,打击非法采伐行为等,其目的是促进俄罗斯森林可持续发展,提高俄罗斯林产品在国际上的竞争力与信誉。但《2030年前俄罗斯联邦森林综合体发展战略》在实施的过程中可能遇到阻碍其顺利实施的风险,其中不乏影响俄罗斯林产品国际竞争力的因素。

Low value-added forest products such as logs and sawn timber in Russia have strong competitiveness in the international market,while high value-added forest products such as pulp paper products and wood-based panels are less competitive.Factors that affect Russia's international competitiveness in forest products include the exchange rate of Ruble against the world's major currencies,the gap between the calculated amount of logging and the total amount of forest resources and timber accumulation,seasonal changes and global warming,forest product processing technology and equipment,high depreciation of the fixed asset,high material consumption and pollution caused by the traditional forest product processing mode and so forth.At present,improving the international competitiveness of forest products has become an important task for the Russian government and forest industry companies.Specific measures include increasing log export tariffs by stages,accelerating the international forest certification,and combating illegal logging in order to promote the sustainability of forests in Russia and improve the international competitiveness and credibility of the forest products.However,Russia's"Strategy of Development of the Forest Complex until 2030"may encounter some risks that hinder its smooth implementation and hurt Russia's international competitiveness in forest products.