移动式花生摘果机的设计与试验研究

Design and Experimental Study of Movable Peanut Picker

目前,我国大部分花生摘果机存在荚果损伤严重、摘净率低、秸秆过碎不易清选等问题,且整体结构和传动系统较为复杂,制造成本高,严重制约着花生生产的可持续发展。针对这一突出问题,研制了一种分离花生果与花生秧且对花生果进行清选的可移动式花生摘果机,能够实现花生果实从喂料到摘果、集果的整个作业流程。摘果机可自动对未摘净的花生进行重复作业,摘净率高,其分选装置包含风选、振动分选两部分,通过风选与振动分选机器能够去除大部分的花生叶、草叶等轻质杂质,以及泥土、土块及沙石等杂质。田间试验表明:该移动式花生摘果机的未摘净损失率为0.73%,破碎率为2.1%,作业噪声为80dB(A),花生果含杂率为1.72%,纯工作小时生产率为2149kg,均符合花生摘果机的作业要求。移动式花生摘果机实现了花生摘果的高速高效作业,对于我国全面推进花生生产机械化具有十分重要的意义。

At present,most peanut pickers in our country have some problems,such as serious damage of pods,low rate of picking and cleaning,and the excessive straw crushing is hard to be cleaned.The structure and transmission system of most peanut pickers are complex,and the manufacturing cost is high,which seriously restricts the sustainable development of peanut production.A kind of movable peanut picker was developed to solve the above problems,which can separate peanut and peanut seedling and clear well.The movable peanut picker can realize the whole operation process of peanut from feeding to picking and collecting,and automatically repeat the operation for the unpicked peanuts.Picking rate of the movable peanut picker is high.The separation device consists of two parts:air separation and vibration separation.Through the air separation and vibration separation,most of the light impurities such as peanut leaves and grass leaves,as well as the impurities such as soil,soil block and sand can be removed.The field test shows that the net loss rate is 0.73%,the crushing rate is 2.1%,the operation noise is 80 dB(A),the impurity content is 1.72%,and the production rate is 2149 kg per hour,all above had meet the operation requirements of peanut picker.The movable peanut picker realizes the high-speed and high-efficiency operation of peanut picking,which is of great significance to promote the mechanization of peanut production in an all-round way in China.