2BHQL-4气力式花生精量播种机的设计与试验

Design and Experiment of 2BHQL-4 Pneumatic Precision Seeder for Peanut

花生在机械化播种环节存在一定程度的伤种、漏播、重播等问题,现有的窝眼式排种器严重制约了花生产业的可持续发展。针对以上问题,设计了2BHQL-4气力式花生精量播种机,可一次完成开沟施肥、单粒精播、覆土镇压等多道工序。对整机结构和工作原理进行了分析,通过对排种器充种、携种、投种3个阶段进行受力分析,明确了排种器单粒取种的条件及影响排种性能的主要参数,计算确定了仿形机构相关参数。样机田间试验结果表明:2BHQL-4气力式花生精量播种机主要技术指标均优于评价要求,粒距合格指数、漏播指数、重播指数、播深合格率分别为92%、5.24%、3.3%、5.7%、91.5%;各行排肥一致性变异系数7.91%,总排肥量稳定性变异系数3.11%。该机工作稳定,排种均匀性良好,种子在田间分布均匀合理,满足设计要求。

There are some problems in the mechanized sowing of peanut,such as seed injury,missed sowing,replaying,etc.The existing socket seed metering device seriously restricts the sustainable development of peanut industry.In view of the above problems,the 2BHQL-4 pneumatic precision peanut planter is designed,which can complete multiple processes such as furrow fertilization,single seed precision sowing,soil covering and pressing at one time.In this paper,the structure and working principle of the whole machine are analyzed.Through the stress analysis of the three stages of seed filling,seed carrying and seed feeding of the seed metering device,the conditions of seed taking of single seed metering device and the main parameters affecting the seed metering performance are defined,and the relevant parameters of the profiling mechanism are determined by theoretical calculation.The field test results of the prototype show that the main technical indexes of the 2BHQL-4 pneumatic precision peanut planter are better than the evaluation requirements,the qualified rate of seed spacing,missed sowing index and replanting index are 92%,5.24,3.3%,5.7%and 91.5%respectively,and the variation coefficient of uniformity and stability of fertilizer output is 7.91%and 3.11%respectively.The machine works stably,the uniformity of seed arrangement is good,the distribution of seeds in the field is even and reasonable,and meets the design requirements.