诗歌翻译的“距离”意识培养

Training of“Distance”Awareness in Poetry Translation

诗歌翻译既是语际之间诗词符号的转换过程,也是原语与目标语之间“距离”的消解过程。理论上,诗歌翻译需要培养译者的“距离”意识,力求缩短翻译实践中遇到的诸如异质文化距离、中英文本距离、译者与诗人间的身份距离等社会、文化、心理“距离”,使读者更贴近原诗,实现原诗与译诗之间对等的最大化。然而在翻译实践中,译者刻意保持身份距离,利于创造性改写;刻意保持审美距离,利于欣赏美与创造美。

Poetry translation involves two processes:the conversion of symbols between Chinese and English,and the elimination of“distances”between source and target languages.In theory,“distance”awareness needs to be trained in poetry translation so as to minimize the distance between different cultures,the distance between Chinese and English texts,and the identity distance between translator and poet,making it possible for the readers to contact the original poem,and maximizing the equivalence between the original poem and the translated poem.However,in translation practice,translator may deliberately keep the identities distance for creative rewriting,and keep the aesthetic distance for appreciating and creating beauty.