基于螺旋压缩成型的秸秆还田机具设计及试验

Design and Experiment of Straw Returning Mechanism Based on Screw Compression Molding

针对黄淮海地区玉米秸秆还田机械设计中出现的模式单一和不能实现全量还田等问题,探究了一种能使秸秆全量还田的螺旋压缩成型并开沟掩埋的作业方法,并结合现有的4JQH-200粉碎还田机具设计了一种能实现根茬粉碎捡拾、二次粉碎、螺旋压缩成型和开沟掩埋的秸秆还田机构。其核心部件为螺旋搅龙压缩机构,由5片渐变螺距和螺径的叶片组成,叶片螺径最大值和最小值分别为398mm和85mm,螺距最大和最小值分别为200mm和100mm。秸秆压缩台架试验表明:秸秆粉碎初期含水率为70.05%时,该机构的输送能力为8.756t/h,输送功率为0.8kW/h。田间试验表明:田间秸秆经过放置后含水率为30.03%时,机构的捡拾率为82.99%,挤压合格率为93.33%,满足秸秆全量还田的农艺要求,不会增加额外的费用,可为后期秸秆还田机械的发展提供数据支撑。

In view of the problems of single mode and unable to realize the full return of corn straw in the Huanghuaihai region,this paper explores a kind of operation method which can make the full amount of corn straw return to the field by spiral compression molding and ditching.According to this method, this paper combined with the existing 4 jqh-200 crushing and returning machine, designed a straw returning mechanism which can realize stubble crushing and picking up,secondary crushing,spiral compression molding and ditching and burying.Its core component is the screw auger compression mechanism, which is composed of five blades with gradual pitch and screw diameter.The maximum and minimum screw diameter of the blade are 398 mm and 85 mm respectively, and the maximum and minimum pitch are 200 mm and 100 mm respectively.The results of straw compression bench test show that the conveying capacity and power of the mechanism are 8.756 t/h and 0.8 kW/h when the moisture content is 70.05%.The field experiment shows that when the moisture content of the straw is 30.03%, the picking up rate is 82.99%,and the extrusion qualified rate is 93.33%,which meets the agronomic requirements of straw returning to the field, and can provide data support for the development of straw returning machinery in the later stage.