基于政策工具的我国抗菌药物相关政策分析

An analysis of Chinese antimicrobial policies based on policy tools

目的对中央政府层面出台的抗菌药物相关政策进行文本分析,探讨我国抗菌药物相关政策的侧重点与不足,为抗菌药物合理使用相关政策制定提供决策参考。方法检索我国2003年以来由国务院、国家卫生健康委员会等国务院相关部委和机构网站公开发布的与抗菌药物相关的法律法规、规划、意见、办法、通知等体现政府政策的文件,以Rothwell和Zegveld政策工具划分为基础,对纳入分析的政策文件进行编码和摘录,统计分析政策工具的使用情况。结果共纳入政策文本39个,其中供给型政策工具使用最多,占61.40%(132/215),其次是环境型30.23%(65/215),最少的是需求型8.37%(18/215)。结论抗菌药物相关政策中,供给型政策工具有侧重点,管理有待进一步覆盖和细化;需求型政策工具开发和执行力度有待加强;环境型政策工具部分不足,沟通交流有待强化。

Objective To make a textual analysis of the relevant policies on antibiotics issued by Chinese central government, and to explore their emphases and deficiencies, so as to provide reference for relevant policy-making on rational use of antibiotics. Methods Texts of government policies(laws, regulations, plans, opinions, measures, notices etc.) related to antimicrobial drugs since 2003 were retrieved on the webs of the State Council, the National Health Commission, and other relevant ministries and commissions under the State Council. Based on Rothwell and Zegveld’s policy tools division, this study encoded the policy documents included and did extracts, and then statistically analyzed the use of policy tools. Results A total of 39 policy documents were included, among which supply-oriented policy tools were the most widely used, accounting for 61.40%(132/215), followed by the environmental policy tools(30.23%, 65/215), and the last was demand-based policy tools(8.37%, 18/215). Conclusions Among Chinese antimicrobial policies, supply-oriented policy tools have their emphasis, but the management still needs to be further covered and refined. Demand-oriented policy tools need to be exploited and the implementation needs to be strengthened. Environmental policy tools are insufficient and communication needs to be strengthened.