肝巨噬细胞与肝星状细胞交互作用对肝纤维化发生与逆转的影响

Effect of interaction between hepatic macrophages and hepatic stellate cells on the occurrence and reversion of hepatic fibrosis

肝纤维化是由各种病因所导致的肝脏病理性反应,是发展成肝硬化甚至肝癌的必经途径。以往研究发现,肝纤维化甚至是肝硬化早期都可以通过一定的干预治疗抑制与逆转病情,该过程有多种肝实质以及非实质细胞参与,肝星状细胞(hepatic stellate cell,HSC)与肝巨噬细胞是肝纤维化进程中关键的细胞类型。HSCs是肝纤维化的核心细胞,而肝巨噬细胞是肝纤维化进程中的主要调控细胞,HSCs与巨噬细胞间可通过分泌趋化因子、炎症因子以及凋亡因子诱导双方细胞的活化、分化、增殖和凋亡,并且能够调节细胞外基质(ECM)的生成与降解,进而影响肝纤维化的发生发展与抑制逆转。该文立足于HSCs与肝巨噬细胞的各自特征性功能,通过对它们之间的相互影响的阐述,探究两者在促进与逆转肝纤维化中的作用,以期探究肝纤维化复杂病理过程中的机制,为治疗逆转肝纤维化提供新的思路和有效靶点。

Liver fibrosis is a pathological reaction of the liver caused by various etiologies,and it is the only way to develop into cirrhosis and even liver cancer.Previous studies have found that liver fibrosis and even early cirrhosis can be inhibited and reversed by certain interventions.This process involves a variety of liver parenchyma and nonparenchymal cells,hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)and liver macrophages are a key cell type in the process of liver fibrosis.HSCs are the core cells of liver fibrosis,and liver macrophages are the main regulatory cell in the process of liver fibrosis.HSCs can induce the activation,differentiation,proliferation and apoptosis of liver macrophages through the secretion of chemokines,inflammatory factors and apoptosis factors and vice versa.They also can regulate the production and degradation of extracellular matrix(ECM),which in turn affects the development and inhibition of liver fibrosis.Based on the respective characteristic functions of HSCs and liver macrophages,this article explores the role of the two in promoting and reversing liver fibrosis by explaining their mutual influence,with a view to explore the complex pathological process of liver fibrosis and to provide new ideas and effective targets for the treatment and reversal of liver fibrosis.