财政教育扶贫支出减贫效果研究——基于空间动态面板模型的实证分析

Study of poverty reduction effect of financial education expenditure on poverty alleviation——An empirical analysis based on spatial dynamic panel model

绝对贫困问题基本解决之后,返贫和相对贫困问题则成为“十四五”时期面临的重要任务。具有扶贫性质的财政教育扶贫支出,是提升贫困人口人力资本实现彻底脱贫和预防返贫的根本途径。本文利用我国减贫数据库中20个农村贫困地区2000—2017年省级动态面板数据,构建财政教育扶贫支出与农村贫困之间关系的空间动态面板数学模型,测度我国财政教育扶贫支出的直接和间接减贫效果以及通过空间传导机制所产生的空间溢出效应。结果表明:从全国来看财政教育扶贫支出直接减贫效果大于间接减贫效果,且空间溢出效果显著,但是东中西部差异较大。这对于进一步提升教育脱贫工作政策的针对性和有效性以及巩固脱贫成果具有重要的启示意义。

After the problem of absolute poverty has been basically solved,the solution to problems of return to poverty and relative poverty will become an important task in the 14th Five-Year Plan period.The financial education expenditure on poverty alleviation is a fundamental way to improve the human capital of poor people to make them thoroughly overcome poverty and prevent them from returning to poverty.Based on the provincial dynamic panel data of 20 rural poverty-stricken areas from 2000 to 2017 in China Poverty Reduction Database,this paper constructs a mathematical model of spatial dynamic panel dealing with the relationship between financial education expenditure on poverty alleviation and rural poverty to measure the direct and indirect poverty reduction effects and the spatial spillover effects through the spatial transmission mechanism.The results show that throughout the country,the direct poverty reduction effects are greater than the indirect poverty reduction effects,and the spatial spillover effects are significant.However,the differences among the eastern,central and western regions are great.It is of great significance to further enhancing the pertinence and effectiveness of the policies of overcoming poverty through education and consolidating the results of overcoming poverty.