沿淮地区水乡小镇景观节点特征要素构成分析——以安徽省颍上县八里河镇为例

Characteristic Elements of the Landscape Nodes in the Water Towns along the Huaihe River——A Case Study of Balihe Town,Yingshang County,Anhui Province

通过评价分析沿淮地区水乡小镇景观节点特征要素构成,探知其内在规律及可验证指标,提供水乡小镇景观节点营造的新视角,为打造具有地域特色文化的水乡小镇做出贡献。以安徽省颍上县八里河镇景观节点为研究对象,构建景观节点特征要素评价体系,通过调查问卷,并运用主成分分析法对其景观节点特征进行分析及综合的实证研究。结果表明,24个特征评价要素可分为人文自然交融性因子、自然生态性因子、感知度因子、交通可达性因子及视线贯穿度因子5个因子,其贡献率排名依次降低;排名前6位的景观:节点22、节点21、节点23、节点31、节点20、节点16,均表现为景观的文化元素丰富、层次感强、讲究韵律感,视野开阔,环境氛围带入感强,而综合评价F<0的景观节点视觉和环境质量较差,不具备景观环境应具备的特征要素。八里河镇景观节点特征的5类因子中,人文自然交融性因子载荷值最大,是沿淮地区水乡小镇景观节点建设的方向及重点内容;基于综合评价结果,针对性进行景观节点环境整改,挖掘并增强地方文化特色,为八里河镇及其相似地域特征的水乡小镇景观环境规划、节点建设提供新思路。

Through the evaluation and analysis of the characteristic elements of the landscape nodes in the water towns along the Huai River watersheds,the internal laws and verifiable indicators were explored,and a new perspective for the construction of the landscape nodes in the water towns was provided to contribute to the creation of water towns with regional characteristics and culture.The landscape node of Balihe Township,Yingshang County,Anhui Province was used as an example to analyze and conduct comprehensive empirical research on the characteristics of the landscape node by questionnaire survey and data statistics in this paper.The results of principal component analysis showed that the 24 characteristic evaluation elements were divided into 5 factors:human and natural integration factor,natural ecological factor,perception factor,traffic accessibility factor and sight penetration factor,and their contribution rate declined successively.The top 6 landscape nodes 22,21,23,31,20 and 16 were all represented by rich cultural elements,strong sense of hierarchy,attention to rhythm,broad vision and strong sense of environment.However,the visual and environmental quality of the landscape nodes with F<0 were poor,and they did not have the landscape characteristic elements.The research showed that among the five types of factors in the characteristics of the landscape nodes in Balihe Township,the human and nature integration factor was also the direction and key content of the landscape node construction of water towns along the Huai River watersheds.Based on the comprehensive evaluation results,the environmental rectification of landscape nodes was targeted,and local cultural characteristics were excavated and strengthened to provide new ideas for landscape environmental planning and node construction of water towns in Balihe Township and its similar geographical features.