修书以供治世:中国古代官修图书活动的思想旨趣

Compiling Books for Ruling the Country:the Ideological Purport of National Compiling Books Activities in Ancient China

中国古人十分重视文献整理活动,其中官修图书活动是重要组成部分,并占据主导地位。中国古代官修图书活动如此重要,是因为其中蕴含着古代统治者将修书活动作为国家治理工具的旨归,即"修书以供治世"的思想旨趣。中国古代官修图书活动作为国家治理工具主要表现为六个方面:以经为首,申明大道;以史为要,通古知今;诠释史事,以论正统;褒善贬恶,以施教化;储备英才,以待顾问;重视农医,加惠民生。无论是明大道、通古今、立权威、施教化、备人才,还是惠民生,其最终目的都是利用"文治"手段治理天下,以求天下承平。

The ancient Chinese attached great importance to the literature collation activities,among which the national compiling books activities were an important part and occupied a dominant position.The reason why the activities of national compiling books in ancient China are so important is that it contains the intention of the ancient rulers to regard the book compilation as a tool of national governance,that is,the ideological purport of"compiling books for ruling the country".As a tool of national governance,the activities of national compiling books in ancient China mainly include six aspects:taking the classics as the lead,affirming the highest rule of the world;taking history as the main point to know the present;interpreting historical events to discuss orthodoxy;praising the good and demeaning the evil to educate;reserving talents for consultation;attaching importance to agricultural medicine and benefiting people’s livelihood.Whether it is affirming the highest rule of the world,connecting the ancient and modern,establishing authority,teaching,preparing talents,or benefiting the people’s livelihood,the ultimate goal is to govern the country by means of"cultural governance",so as to achieve peace in the country.