《泄密的心》中的不可靠叙述及背后叙述者的可靠身份建构

Analysis of Unreliable Narration and the Narrator’s Reliable Identity in The Tell-Tale Heart

借助修辞派叙事学的不可靠叙述理论,尤以詹姆斯·费伦叙事轴中的事实报道、价值判断和知识认知的理论为分析架构探讨爱伦·坡短篇小说《泄密的心》中叙述者的不可靠叙述,其中涉及叙述者话语的悖论与反讽,以及认知的错乱与谬误。从费伦的不可靠叙述动态进程出发,从谎言、反讽和社会价值规约三方面观照现实文化语境,可以考察出不可靠叙述背后叙述者(及其同类人)可靠性的常人思维、复杂人格和边缘身份。从文本层面讲,这有助于从整体上把握叙述者身份建构的复杂多元性;从现实层面讲,这对关注社会上异化与复杂的人格具有启发性。

The narrator’s unreliable narration in Allan Poe’s short story The Tell-Tale Heart can be analyzed resorting to the unreliable narration theory by the rhetoric school,especially James Phelan’s theory of fact reporting,value evaluation and knowledge recognition in the narrative axis.The narrator’s unreliable narration in the text includes paradox and irony of discourses as well as derangement and fallacy of recognition.Then,starting from Phelan’s dynamic process of unreliable narration,in light of the realistic and cultural context in the aspects of lie,irony and social value confinement,the narrator’s(with his kind)reliable human thinking,complex personality and marginal identity behind unreliable narration could be interpreted.It is textually beneficial to gain a comprehensive indication of complexity in the narrator’s identity construction,and it is realistically irradiative to show solicitude for the alienated and complex personality in the society.