管理控制抑或企业福利:宿舍劳动体制的再思考

Management Control or Enterprise Welfare:Rethinking the Dormitory Labor Regime

宿舍劳动体制概念已经提出10余年。随着产业转移、新生代农民工群体出现以及劳动力短缺,宿舍劳动体制开始出现松动,越来越多的工人选择在厂外租赁房屋居住。宿舍条件未达到工人要求是这一变化产生的重要因素,同时企业内迁本地招工,让宿舍失去了以往的意义;外来工厂本地工的新型组织形态使工厂失去了强制力;宿舍劳动体制本身的缺陷形成了对农民工的“驱赶效应”。但宿舍劳动体制这一概念的解释力依然存在,宿舍条件的改善和允许工人租赁房屋居住不代表工厂放松了对宿舍的严格管理。对于企业来说,宿舍再也不是控制工人的工具;对于工人来说,并不能简单地把企业提供宿舍看成一种福利。

The concept of the dormitory labor regime has been proposed for more than ten years.With the industrial transfer,the emergence of a new generation of migrant workers,and labor shortage,the dormitory labor regime has begun to loosen,and more and more workers choose to rent houses outside the factory.An important reason for this change is that the conditions of the dormitories do not meet the requirements of the workers.At the same time,the existence of dormitories has lost its previous significance due to the industrial transfer and local recruitment.The new organizational form of local workers in foreign factories makes the factories lose their coercive force,and the defects of dormitory labor regime itself form the“driving effect”on migrant workers.The explanation power of the dormitory labor regime still exists.The improvement of dormitory conditions and allowing the workers to rent houses do not mean that the factories have loosen the strict management of the dormitory.For the enterprises,the dormitories is no longer a tool to control the workers;and for the workers,they cannot simply regard the dormitories provided by the enterprises as a kind of welfare.