自然灾害中政府和媒体的议程互动关系——以台风“山竹”为例

Research on Agenda Interactions between Government and Media in Natural Disasters--Based on the Case of Typhoon Mangkhut

在自然灾害应对中,政府利用媒体力量将事件信息传递给公众,研究媒体上事件信息的议题讨论与政府建构的事件议题是否一致有助于了解政府危机沟通效果。以2018年台风“山竹”为例,基于网络议程设置理论分析自然灾害中政府和媒体的议程网络及其互动关系。研究发现,政府和媒体的议程网络存在显著的正相关性,且呈现出“合”与“离”的两种交互状态。宏观层面看,政策议程和媒体议程均聚焦于政府行为、事件陈述、实用信息属性上;微观层面看,政策议程建构逻辑偏感性色彩,议程网络结构呈现议题集中化和核心化特征;而媒体议程建构逻辑偏理性口吻,议程网络结构呈现议题均匀分布特征。据此得出:政府要主动建构议题,掌握危机沟通话语权;积极发挥新媒体特性,提高政策议程传播效能;合理组合议题要素,通过输出逻辑引导社会舆论。

The government uses the power of the media to transmit information to the public in natural disasters,and it is helpful to understand the effectiveness of government crisis communication by studying whether the topic of event information in the media is consistent with the event topic constructed by the government.This paper,by referring to Typhoon Mangkhut of 2018 in line with the theory of network agenda setting,focuses on the network agenda and interactions between government and media in natural disasters.The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the network agenda of the government and the media,and there are two interactive states of“cooperation”and“separation”.From the macro level,both the policy agenda and the media agenda focus on government actions,event statements and practical information.From the micro level,the logic of policy agenda construction is more perceptual,and the network agenda structure presents the characteristics of centralized and core issues;while the logic of media agenda construction tends to be rational,and the network agenda structure presents the characteristics of uniform distribution of issues.Therefore,the paper proposes that the government should construct issues forwardly and have the initiative of crisis communication in hands;take advantage of new media actively and improve the communication efficiency of policy agenda;combine the elements of issues reasonably and guide the public opinion by logic output.