试述泰国孔剧的艺术特色

On the Artistic Characteristics of Thai Khon Opera

被联合国教科文组织列为"人类非物质文化遗产"的孔剧是泰国传统戏剧样式,专门演出史诗《拉玛坚》故事。孔剧以折子戏为主要演剧形式,实行脚色行当制,表演动作高度程式化,以本土腔调吟诵唱词,但"演"与"唱"分属不同演员司职,其实质是发展成熟期的肉傀儡戏。目前孔剧有五种常见演出形态。孔剧同样"以歌舞演故事",也具备综合性、虚拟性、程式性等艺术特征,与中国戏曲不同的是,孔剧是以"舞"为本位的综合性表演艺术。

Thai Khon Opera, which has been listed by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage(ICH), is a traditional Thai dramatic style dedicated to the story of the epic poem Ramakien. The main form of this opera is based on Performances of Single Scenes, which is performed in roles and professions, with highly programmed performance actions and chanting of lyrics in the local tone, furthermore, the "acting" and "singing" are performed by different roles, it could be regarded as a reality-puppet show(roukuilei) at a high stage of development in essence. Unlike traditional Chinese operas, Khon Opera, which is currently divided into five common forms, is a comprehensive performance art based on dancing, however, it has the same artistic characteristics of "narrative via song and dance" with its integrity, virtuality and programmability.