昆明市某机械加工制造企业噪声环境现场检测及职业健康检查结果分析

On-site detection of noise environment and analysis of occupational health examination results in a mechanical processing and manufacturing enterprise in Kunming City

目的了解昆明市某机械加工制造企业存在的噪声危害,为企业提供职业病防制对策。方法 2018年采用现场职业卫生学调查和职业病危害因素检测方法,对噪声危害因素进行监测,并对接触噪声人员进行职业健康检查,对噪声危害因素监测结果和职业健康检查结果进行统计,分析工作场所噪声检测值差异和健康检查异常率差异。结果该企业噪声监测人次数为115人次,合格率为73.91%;不同工种噪声8 h等效连续A声级的检测值比较,差异有统计学意义(F=5.913,P<0.01)。职业健康检查结果显示,112人检出双耳高频平均听阈阈值提高,听力检查异常率为31.20%,没有检出噪声疑似职业病或者职业禁忌症患者;男性听力检查异常率(32.33%)大于女性(17.86%),但接噪人员男性和女性听力检查异常率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同工龄听力检查异常率基本随工龄增长而增长,不同工龄段听力检查异常率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=15.932,P<0.01);不同年龄听力检查异常率随年龄增长而增长,不同年龄段听力检查异常率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=22.548,P<0.01)。结论该企业职业病危害控制基本有效,但噪声会对接噪人员的听力造成危害,且长时间接触噪声造成工人听力损害,企业还需要整改防噪声设施并确保其有效运行,把产生高噪声的设备和区域与低噪声车间隔开,加强个人防护监督,减少劳动者噪声接触时间,加强接噪人员的健康监护,提高职业卫生管理水平,进一步加强作业场所职业病危害的控制。

Objective To understand the noise hazard in a mechanical processing and manufacturing enterprise in Kunming City,provide occupational disease prevention and control countermeasures for enterprises. Methods In 2018,the field occupational health investigation and occupational hazard detection were used to monitor the noise hazard factors,and occupational health examination was carried out for the workers exposed to noise. The noise hazard monitoring results and occupational health examination results were analyzed to explore the differences in noise detection value in workplace and abnormal rate of health examination. Results Totally 115 workers received the noise monitoring in the enterprise,and the qualified rate was 73.91%.There was statistically significant difference in detection value of the equivalent continuous sound level normalized to 8 hours among different types of work(F=5.913,P<0.01). Occupational health examination results showed that there were 112 persons represented as the higher binaural high-frequency average threshold,with the abnormal rate of 31.20%,and no noise suspected occupational disease or occupational contraindications were detected. The abnormal rate of hearing test in males(32.33%) was higher than that in females(17.86%),but there was no statistically significant difference in the abnormal rate of hearing test between males and females in the noise-exposed group(P>0.05). The abnormal rate of hearing test increased with the working age,and there was statistically significant difference in the abnormal rate of hearing test among different working age groups (χ^(2)=15.932,P<0.01). The abnormal rate of hearing test increased with the age,and there was statistically significant difference in the abnormal rate of hearing test among different age groups(χ^(2)=22.548,P<0.01). Conclusion The occupational hazard control of this enterprise is basically effective,however higher noise intensity and long time exposure to noise can cause harm to people who exposed to noise. Enterprises should rectify noise prevention facilities and ensure their effective operation,separate high noise equipment and areas from low noise workshops,strengthen personal protection supervision,reduce workers’ noise exposure time,strengthen health monitoring of noise exposed personnel,improve occupational health management level,and further strengthen the control of occupational hazards in workplaces.