采前外源植物激素与采后1-MCP处理对糖心苹果贮藏品质的影响

Effect of Pre-Harvest Exogenous Phytohormone and Post-Harvest 1-MCP Treatment on Storage Quality of Sugar-Core Apples

为解决糖心苹果采后糖心品质快速劣变问题,提高果实贮藏品质,以阿克苏糖心苹果为材料,研究了采前3种外源植物激素与采后1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)协同处理对糖心苹果贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,3种处理方式均能在一定程度上提高糖心苹果的贮藏品质。赤霉素与1-MCP处理可有效促进糖心的形成并延缓其消失,贮藏180 d后糖心仍有较大面积占比;脱落酸与赤霉素分别协同1-MCP处理均可有效提升果实外观色泽和鲜艳度;生长素与1-MCP处理综合品质调控效果最好,低温贮藏6个月期间可较好地维持果皮和果肉色泽属性,果皮色相角有效降低3.43%,果肉L*值提升1.47%,有效抑制果实呼吸强度6.53%~9.21%,并推迟30 d出现呼吸峰,果实失重率和腐烂率分别降低了3.49%和1.12%,分别提升可溶性固形物和维生素C含量1.32%和10.72%。此外,生长素与1-MCP协同处理后,果实硬度提升3.25%,水溶性果胶含量降低19.23%,多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性始终维持在较低水平,有效延缓了果实采后软化过程。因此,生长素与1-MCP协同处理是一种安全有效的糖心苹果保鲜新技术,应用前景广阔。

In order to solve the problem of rapid deterioration of sugar core quality in sugar-core apples and improve the storage quality of fruits after harvest,sugar-core apples in Aksu was used as the material to investigate the effects of combined treatment with three exogenous phytohormones before harvest and 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)after harvest on the storage quality of sugar-core apples.The results showed that all the three treatments could improve the storage quality of sugar-core apples.Among them,treatment with gibberellin and 1-MCP could effectively promote the formation of sugar core and delay its disappearance,which still had a large proportion of sugar core after 180 d storage.The abscisic acid or gibberellin combined with 1-MCP treatment could effectively improve the vividness of fruit appearance.And best control effect in comprehensive quality was observed after auxin and 1-MCP treatment.During 6 months of low temperature storage,the color properties of apple peel and flesh were well maintained.The hue angle of apple peel was effectively reduced by 3.43%,the L*value of apple flesh was increased by 1.47%,the respiratory intensity was effectively inhibited by 6.53%-9.21%and the respiratory peak was delayed for 30 d.The rates of fruit weight loss and decay were decreased by 3.49%and 1.12%,respectively.The contents of soluble solids and vitamine were increased by 1.32%and 10.72%,respectively.In addition,after auxin and 1-MCP treatment,the fruit firmness was increased by 3.25%,the water-soluble pectin content was decreased by 19.23%,and the polygalacturonase activity was always remained at a low level,which effectively delayed the postharvest softening process of the apple fruit.Therefore,auxin and 1-MCP synergistic treatment might be a safe and effective new preservative technology for sugar-core apples,which has a broad application prospect.