从《礼记·大学》篇论王闿运的天子之学

On Wang Kaiyun's Doctrines of Monarch——An investigation on Book of Rites-Daxue

《礼记·大学》为“天子之学”,是王闿运对《礼记·大学》篇下的结论。天子之学,以修身为本。王闿运在《礼记·大学》篇中对天子修身之学的阐释,围绕修身定义、修身之法、修身目的展开。“修身”即“明明德止于至善”,只有“止于至善”的“明明德”,方可称为“修身”。修身始于格物,是以经世为基本认知的修身之法。天子重修身,目的在于经世之用。求贤化民与散财聚民,是天子“亲民”之治的关键。王闿运的天子之学,是在尊重天子性情差异的基础上,以经世致用为目的,政学一体的修身之学。

The Daxue is"the study of the emperor",which is Wang Kaiyun's evaluation on Book of Rites——xue.The study of the emperor is based on self-cultivation.The interpretation of an emperor's self-cultivation from Daxue is explained through three aspects the definition of self-cultivation,the methods of self-cultivation,and the purpose of self-cultivation."Self-cultivation"means"Ming-ming-de until Striving for perfection."Only the"Ming-ming-de"which"reaches the highest level"can be called"self-cultivation".Self-cultivation begins with Ge-wu,which is the method of self-cultivation based on the basic cognition of putting what is learned into governing state affairs.The emperor emphasizes self-cultivation for the purpose of putting what is learned into govering state affairs.The key to the rule of the emperor's"Qin-min"is seeking wise people and dispersing wealth to gather people.On the premise of respecting the differences of the emperor's temperament,Wang Kaiyun's doctrines of monarch is the study of emperor’s self-cultivation aiming at being practical and emphasizing the combination of politics and self-cultivation.