楚辞传播和汉赋塑造:论刘安及其《淮南子》的辞赋史地位

The Spread of Chu Ci and the Shaping of Han Fu:The Function of Huainanzi

在汉初楚辞的传播与散体大赋的塑造上,淮南王刘安及其《淮南子》起到了重要作用。楚辞早已流行,吴王刘濞、梁孝王刘武身边汇聚了一批楚辞作家,但刘安推动了楚辞由藩国向宫廷的传播,主要原因是刘安擅长辞赋创作,又值即位不久的汉武帝“爱好艺文”,两者一拍即合。刘安是叛王之子,为朝廷所警惕和防范,在献《淮南子》时所作的《离骚传》,对屈原进行了黄老化的评论,再联系《淮南子》反复提及智伯的命运,能够理解刘安的处境和心态。淮南王文学集团以辞赋著称,《淮南子》与散体大赋同时形成,且具有散体大赋的基本特征,它与《七发》《子虚赋》等共同塑造了汉大赋的文体样式。

In the early Han Dynasty,Liu An and his Huainanzi played an important role in the spread of Chu Ci and the shaping of Fu.Liu Bi and Liu Wu,who are royal family members,have gathered a group of creators of Chu Ci.However,Liu An,who is a writer,has promoted the spread of Chu Ci from Huainan state to the court.The main reason is that Liu An is good at composing Ci and Fu,which made him get the appreciation of the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty,who is fond of art and literature.Liu An,whose father died of revolt,was alert and guarded by the imperial court.Liu An commented on Qu Yuan in the notes of Lisao,and repeatedly mentioned the fate of Zhibo in Huainanzi,which reflected the ideological motivation of compiling Huainanzi.Liu An's literature group is famous for Ci and Fu.Huainanzi and Da Fu were formed at the same time,reflecting the basic characteristics of Han Fu.Together with Qifa and Zixu Fu,Huainanzi shaped the style of Fu in the Han Dynasty.