熊十力:以经学为基础的新儒家哲学建构——以《读经示要》为中心

Xiong Shili:the Construction of New Confucian Philosophy based on Confucian Classics——Focusing on the Insights of Reading Classics

熊十力《读经示要》融贯中西,平章汉宋,传承传统经学,以经学为学术基础,返本开新,重建儒家道统、学统、治统,建构新儒家哲学体系,直接影响其后唐君毅、牟宗三、徐复观等第二代新儒家,推动当代新儒学达到高峰。在道统方面,他以《六经》为本源,《四书》《孝经》为衍流,以阐发经典常道为主,重建道统。在学统方面,他认为义理、经济、考据、辞章四科可以为六经摄尽,以六经为主,旁及诸子、道佛、西学。在治道方面,他阐发六经言治之义仁以为体,格物为用,诚恕均平为经,随时更化为权,利用厚生本之正德,道政齐刑归于礼让,始乎以人治人,极于万物各得其所,终之以群龙无首。在境界方面,他提出学贵立志,向往圣贤境界,由下学而上达。

Xiong Shili's Insights of Reading Classics integrates Chinese and western thought,unifies the academic of the Han and Song Dynasties,inherits the traditional Confucian classics,takes Confucian classics as the academic basis,returns to the original and opens up the new,reconstructs Confucian orthodoxy,academic orthodoxy and governance orthodoxy,constructs the new Confucian philosophy system,directly affects the second generation of new Confucians such as Tang Junyi,Mou Zongsan and Xu Fuguan,and promotes the contemporary new Confucianism to the peak.In the aspect of Confucian orthodoxy,he took the Six Classics as the origin,the Four Books and the Classics of Filial Piety as the derivation,and focused on elucidating the constant way of classics to rebuild the Confucian orthodoxy.In the aspect of academic orthodoxy,he thought that the four subjects of theory,economy,textual research and rhetoric could be covered by the Six Classics,with the Six Classics as the main subject and all classes of authors,Taoist,Buddhism and Western learning as the side.In the aspect of governance orthodoxy,he elaborated on the ideas of governing the country by the Six Classics benevolence as the ontologies,investigating things for application,sincerity,forgiveness,equalizationa,and justice as the principle,flexibility to change at any time,promoting people's livelihood and application based on morality,govern the people by regulations and keep order among them by chastisements to become a comity society,which starts with governing people by man,next with all things in their proper places,and ends with great harmony.In the realm of lif,he proposed that scholars should be determined and hope to be a saint from the bottom to the top.