聚焦学生自我:美国高校职业指导模式

Focusing on Student Ego:Models of Career Guidance in American Universities

美国高校学生职业指导的发展经过一系列发展变革和专业化研究,在后现代职业指导理念和职业生涯发展理论的影响下,现阶段已然形成一套以“学生自我发展”为核心的实践体系和运作模式。卡内基梅隆大学职业生涯发展中心整合“人员、网站、资源”三要素组成运行机制,通过高效的线上线下方式,协助学生进行前期的职业评估和规划、中期的职业探索和决策、后期的职场体验以及建立人脉关系网。“My Career路径”职业指导模式作为一种高效的定制化服务,涵盖“自我—故事—人脉”三个层次,从确立自我职业兴趣、核心价值观、职业技能,到自我故事的表达与创造,再到人脉关系网的搭建与丰富,三者相互连接而又层层递进。卡内基梅隆大学职业指导模式具有过程持续、内容建构、方式多元、结果有效四维特征,鼓励并落实学生参与工作实习,打造多元化的职业发展渠道,培养学生终身性的职业生涯发展理念,有效保证了学生职业指导的实施效果。

The development of American universities student career guidance has undergone a series of development changes and professional studies.Under the influence of the post-modern career guidance concept and career development theory,a set of practical systems and operation modes centered on"student self-development"have been formed at this stage.The Career and Professional Development Center of Carnegie Mellon University integrates the three elements of"personnel,website and resources"into an operational mechanism.Through effective online and offline methods,it assists students in early career evaluation and planning,mid-career exploration and decision-making,post-career experience and networking.The"My Career Path"career guidance model covers three levels of the"self-story-connections"concept:from the establishment of vocational interest,core values,vocational skills,to the expression and creation of the self story,and then to the enrichment of the network connections,the three are interconnected and progressive.The career guidance model of Carnegie Mellon University has the four-dimensional characteristics of a continuous process,content construction,diversified methods and effective results.It encourages and implements students'participation in work practice,creates diversified career development channels,and trains students'lifelong career development concepts to effectively implement student career guidance.