智能时代版权“避风港”规则的危机与变革

Crisis and Reform of Copyright“Safe Harbor”Rules in AI Era

在互联网发展初期,法律以“通知/移除”为核心程序、以“技术中立”和“技术不能”为理论支撑,为网络服务提供商设立了“避风港”版权责任规则。进入人工智能时代,侵权内容的算法通知、个性化算法推荐、版权算法过滤对“避风港”规则的运行程序和理论基础带来了系统性冲击,并推动责任规则从事后消极的“通知/移除”转向事前积极的版权过滤。这种变革在国际层面以“自治规则”和“国家法律”两种形式进行。面对网络内容管理算法化的时代浪潮和版权责任规则变革的国际动向,我国不能信奉“算法虚无主义”,无视算法技术对“避风港”规则的系统性冲击;也不能迷信“算法万能主义”,夸大算法技术在当前网络版权治理中的实际作用,而应着眼于算法技术可及性和准确性的发展,对“避风港”规则的时代变革作出理性回应。

In the early developing stage of the Internet,the law established the specific copyright obligation rules for internet service providers,called“safe harbor”,which took“notice&takedown”as the core procedure,and“technology neutrality”&“technological inability”as the theoretical support.In the AI era,algorithm notification of infringing content,personalized algorithm recommendation and algorithm filtering of infringing content have a systematic impact on the operation procedure and theoretical basis of“safe harbor”rules,and push the“notice&takedown”of negative liability rules forward to active copyright filtering beforehand.Internationally,this kind of change is carried out in the form of“private ordering”and“public ordering”.In the face of the tidal wave of algorithmic content management and the international trend of copyright responsibility rules reform,China cannot pursue“algorithmic nihilism”,ignoring the systematic impact of algorithmic technology on“safe harbor”rules,nor pursue“algorithmic omnipotence”,exaggerating the actual role of the algorithmic filter in the current network copyright governance,but focuses on the accessibility and accuracy of algorithmic filtering technology,and rationally responds to the change of“safe harbor”rules.