园林废弃物基栽培基质的配方筛选及综合评价

Screening and comprehensive evaluation of garden waste based cultivation substrate

利用主成分分析法,对园林废弃物基栽培基质配方进行了综合分析,为综合评价及筛选最优配方提供参考。以园林废弃物、土壤和商品营养土为主要原材料,制备了9组可用于植物栽培的基质,基质中腐熟和未腐熟园林废弃物的质量分数之和达到30%~40%,且无需添加草炭土等不可再生资源。该基质的大部分理化指标满足国家和行业对栽培基质的相关标准要求。通过种植实验可知,高羊茅种子在基质中的发芽率超过85%。采用主成分分析法对基质配方进行了综合得分评价研究,结果表明,总孔隙度、氮、磷、钾和总养分对基质理化性能的影响最大。9组基质配方的综合评价得分最高的为基质3,对照土壤与腐熟园林废弃物、未腐熟园林废弃物、商品营养土之间质量比为5∶3∶1∶1。其中,腐熟和未腐熟园林废弃物的质量分数之和达到40%。

The principal component analysis was used to analyze the culture substrate formula of garden waste,which could provide scientific reference for comprehensive evaluation and selection of optimal formula.Nine groups of substrates for plant cultivation were prepared by using garden waste,soil and commercial nutritive soil as the main raw materials,in which the mass fraction of total decomposed and undecomposed garden waste reached up to 30%~40%,and non-renewable nature resources such as peat soil were not required.Most physical and chemical indexes of the substrate met the requirements of the national and industrial standards for cultivation substrates.The results of planting experiments showed that the germination rate of tall fescue seeds in the substrate was higher than 85%.The results of the comprehensive score evaluation of substrate formulas adopting"principal component analysis methodology"showed that the total porosity,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and total nutrients had the greatest influence on the physical and chemical properties of the substrates.The highest comprehensive evaluation score of nine substrate formulations was substrate 3,which was as follows:control soil/decomposed garden waste/undecomposed garden waste/commercial nutrient soil=5/3/1/1,and the mass fraction of total decomposed and undecomposed garden wastes reached 40%of the raw materials.