抗原设计新技术及其在疫苗中的应用和发展

New technology for antigen design and its application in vaccine

疫苗学起源于詹纳和巴斯德,他们通过接种灭活或减毒的病原体来模仿其自然感染人体所引起的保护作用。这种方法引领了一个世纪疫苗的开发,并有效预防了多种传染病。但目前部分疾病尚未通过这种传统方法研制出有效的疫苗。随着各学科的发展,疫苗的设计领域也出现了结构疫苗学、疫苗组学等新的技术和策略,这些新的技术平台为新型疫苗中抗原的设计提供了全新的思路。本文就抗原设计新技术及其在疫苗中的应用和发展作一综述。

Vaccinology is originated with Jenner and Pasteur who mimicked the protective effect of natural infection in humans by inoculation with inactivated or attenuated pathogens. This approach led to the vaccine development lasting for a century and effective prevention of various infectious diseases. However,effective vaccines against partial diseases have not been developed by the traditional method. With the development of various disciplines,new technologies and strategies such as structural vaccinology and vaccinomics have emerged in the field of vaccine design. These new technology platforms provide new ideas for designing antigens in new vaccines. This paper reviews the new technology for antigen design as well as its application and development in vaccines.