后TRIPS时代的药品专利保护:趋势、影响与因应——以发展中国家的立场为视角

The Protection of Pharmaceutical Patent in the Post-TRIPS Era:Tendency,Impacts and Countermeasures——From the Perspective of Developing Countries

新冠疫情的爆发引发了全球对药品可及性议题的高度关注。进入后TRIPS时代,发达国家正通过赋予药品试验数据以独占权保护、延长对药品专利保护的期限、链接仿制药上市许可与药品专利保护以及将药品专利保护与投资议题挂钩的方式迂回地推动药品专利的强保护发展。这种强保护趋势潜在地推动了原研药品的"常青化"保护,限制了发展中国家知识产权立法的灵活性进而加剧了发展中国家的药品可及性困境。应对药品专利的强保护趋势,首先,发展中国家应根据本国国情主动内化药品专利保护的新制度以适应药品专利的强保护趋势。其次,发展中国家可考虑持续积极采用横向场域转移策略以实现自身的利益诉求。最后,在维护《TRIPS协定》核心地位的基础上,发展中国家应积极参与到投资与知识产权议题的谈判中去。

The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has aroused global attention to the issue of "access to medicines".In the post-TRIPS era,developed countries are promoting strong protection of pharmaceutical patents in a roundabout way by granting exclusive rights to pharmaceutical trial data,extending the patent term for drugs,linking the marketing authorizations of generic medicines to pharmaceutical patents,and linking pharmaceutical patents to investment issues. This tendency towards strong protection potentially promotes "evergreening " of Original medicines,limits the flexibility of IPRlegislation in developing countries,and exacerbates the "access to medicines"dilemma in developing countries.In response to the tendency of strong protection of pharmaceutical patents,firstly,developing countries should internalize the new system of pharmaceutical patent protection according to their own national conditions in order to adapt to the tendency of strong protection of pharmaceutical patents.Secondly,developing countries may consider continuing to actively adopt forum shifting strategies to achieve their own interests.Finally,on the basis of maintaining the core position of the TRIPS Agreement,developing countries should actively participate in negotiations on investment and intellectual property issues.