甜菜抗丛根病育种研究进展

Sugar Beet Breeding for Resistance to Rhizomania:A Review

为了研究甜菜抗丛根病育种的抗性基因来源以及作用特点,笔者归纳了甜菜丛根病抗性的来源,包括Alba抗性源、Rizor和Holly抗性源、WB42抗性源、WB41和WB258抗性源以及R36抗性源,并介绍了5种甜菜丛根病的抗性基因特点。另外,对甜菜抗丛根病资源的育成方法进行了总结,包括回交、杂交和轮回选择。通过这些方法将携带抗丛根病资源的甜菜整合至适应性高的甜菜种质资源上,从而获得理想的抗性资源。针对甜菜抗丛根病育种过程中培育和选择甜菜丛根病抗性基因型的过程缓慢、费力且昂贵,以及具有抗性基因品种的抗性易被破坏的情况,现提出如下解决策略:(1)通过分子标记来选择理想的甜菜新品种;(2)不断鉴定新的抗性基因,并将其整合到甜菜的基因库中;(3)开发新抗源,通过鉴定其他基因座上与先前发现的抗性基因的等位基因,为释放具有足够抗性的品种提供机会。抗甜菜丛根病育种的下一个挑战将会是将新的抗性基因导入育种材料,并通过将不同基因座上的多个抗性基因聚合到育种系中进行组合,以最大限度地提高甜菜对丛根病的抗性水平。

To investigate the sources of resistance genes and the characteristics of their action in breeding for sugar beet rhizomania disease resistance,we summarized the sources of sugar beet rhizomania disease resistance,including Alba resistance sources,Rizor and Holly resistance sources,WB42 resistance sources,WB41 and WB258 resistance sources and R36 resistance sources.We also described the characteristics of five resistance genes for sugar beet rhizomania disease resistance.In addition,breeding methods for rhizomania disease resistance resources were summed up,including backcrossing,hybridization and rotational selection.These methods are used to integrate sugar beet carrying rhizomania disease resistance resources into highly adapted sugar beet germplasm resources,creating desirable resistance resources.Breeding and selecting genotypes for resistance to sugar beet rhizomania disease could be slow,laborious and expensive.The resistance of varieties with resistance genes is easily disrupted.The following strategies are proposed:(1)selecting new desirably sugar beet varieties by molecular markers;(2)identifying new resistance genes continuously and integrating them into the gene pool of sugar beet;(3)developing new sources of resistance will provide opportunities to release varieties with sufficient resistance by identifying the alleles of other loci with the previously identified resistance genes.The next challenge in breeding sugar beet resistant to rhizomania disease will be the introduction of new resistance genes into breeding material and combining them by aggregating multiple resistance genes at different loci into breeding lines to maximize the level of resistance to rhizomania disease of sugar beet.