贵州茶园茶棍蓟马和小贯小绿叶蝉种群动态及主栽茶树品种寄主抗性

Population dynamics of Dendrothrips minowai Priesner and Empoasca onukii Matsuda and host resistance of major tea varieties in Guizhou

【目的】明确贵州茶园主要害虫茶棍蓟马(Dendrothrips minowai Priesner)和小贯小绿叶蝉(Empoasca onukii Matsuda)的发生动态及在不同茶树品种上的为害情况,探讨不同品种茶树对茶棍蓟马和小贯小绿叶蝉的抗性,为抗性茶树品种的选育和推广提供科学依据。【方法】采用翻叶法调查12个贵州茶树主栽品种上茶棍蓟马和小贯小绿叶蝉的发生动态,采用虫量比值法对12个茶树品种进行抗性鉴定;结合相关分析,基于春秋两季1芽2叶期、芽叶色泽、茸毛密度、茸毛长度、1芽3叶长、1芽3叶百芽重、叶长、叶宽等农艺性状调查数据,明确茶树主要农艺性状与品种抗性间的关系。【结果】贵州茶园中茶棍蓟马年发生动态呈大小峰趋势,大峰出现在5月中旬—6月上旬,小峰出现在9月中旬—10月上旬;小贯小绿叶蝉年发生动态为双峰型,第1峰出现在7月中下旬,第2峰出现在10月上旬—11月中旬。12个茶树品种中,苔选0310和黔辐4号为茶棍蓟马高抗品种;乌牛早、金观音和中茶108为茶棍蓟马高感品种;黔湄601为小贯小绿叶蝉高抗品种,福鼎大白茶为小贯小绿叶蝉高感品种。相关分析结果表明,1芽2叶期与茶棍蓟马虫量比值呈极显著负相关(P<0.01,下同),与小贯小绿叶蝉虫量比值呈显著负相关(P<0.05,下同);1芽3叶长和茸毛密度与茶棍蓟马虫量比值呈显著负相关,茸毛长度与茶棍蓟马虫量比值呈极显著负相关,芽叶色泽与茶棍蓟马虫量比值呈正相关。【结论】苔选0310、黔辐4号和黔湄601对茶棍蓟马及小贯小绿叶蝉均具有在一定的抗性,具有较好的应用价值和推广潜力。

【Objective】The objective of this study was to clarify the population dynamics and damage of Dendrothrips minowai Priesner and Empoasca onukii Matsuda on different tea varieties in Guizhou tea garden,explore host resistance of different tea varieties against D.minowai Priesner and E.onukii Matsuda,and provide necessary scientific basis for resistance breeding and promotion of tea varieties.【Method】The population dynamics of D.minowai Priesner and E.onukii Matsuda on 12 main tea varieties was investigated by leaf-turning method,and the resistance of these tea varieties was identified by insect quantity ratio method.Combined with correlation analysis,based on the investigation data of twoleaves-and-a-bud period,bud and leaf colour,density and length of pubescence,three-leaves-and-a-bud length,weight of one hundred three-leaves-and-a-bud,leaf length and width in spring and autumn,the relationship between main agronomic traits and resistance of tea varieties was clarified.【Result】The field investigation results showed that the occurrence regularity of D.minowai Priesner on the tea varieties were large-small peak type.The first peak,which was the biggest peak appeared from middle May to early June.The second peak appeared from middle September to early October.The occurrence regularity of E.onukii Matsuda on the tea varieties were double-peak type.The first peak appeared in Middle to late July,and the second peak appeared from early October to middle November.Among the 12 main tea varieties,Taixuan 0310 and Qianfu 4 possessed higher resistance to D.minowai Priesner.In contrast,Wuniuzao,Jinguanyin,Zhongcha 108 were more susceptible.Qianmei 601 possessed higher resistance to E.onukii Matsuda.In contrast,Fuding was more susceptible.Correlation analysis showed,two-leaves-and-a-bud period was extremely significant negative correlation with the insect quantity ratio of D.minowai Priesner(P<0.01,the same below),and it had significant negative correlation with E.onukii Matsuda(P<0.05,the same below).Three-leaves-and-a-bud length and pubescence density had significant negative correlation with the insect quantity ratio of D.minowai Priesner,pubescence length had extremely significant negative correlation with the insect quantity ratio of D.minowai Priesner,and bud and leaf colour was positively correlated with the insect quantity ratio of D.minowai Priesner.【Conclusion】The tea varieties Taixuan 0310,Qianfu 4 and Qianmei 601 have certain resistance to D.minowai Priesner and E.onukii Matsuda and have a good prospect of planting and promotion in Guizhou.