深圳市高血压患者血压控制情况与周围绿地特征的关联分析

Association between blood pressure control and characteristics of green space among hypertensive patients in Shenzhen

目的探讨高血压患者血压控制情况与周围绿地特征的关系。方法深圳市基本公共卫生服务管理满一年的≥35岁高血压患者为研究对象。采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法抽取代表性样本1158人,回收有效问卷1116份,应答率为96.4%。于2019年11月至2020年1月对纳入分析的1116人进行问卷调查、体格测量、实验室检测。采用二元logistic回归模型分析绿地特征对高血压患者血压控制的影响。结果深圳市基本公共卫生服务管理高血压患者血压控制率为67.8%(757/1116),二元logistic回归分析调整混杂因素后结果显示,周围绿地设置有健身区(OR=1.678,95%CI:1.231~2.288)、集体锻炼场地(OR=1.373,95%CI:1.020~1.848)、健康知识宣传区(OR=1.416,95%CI:1.049~1.911)对高血压患者血压控制具有积极影响。患者对周围绿地的安全性(OR=1.010,95%CI:1.000~1.019)、舒适性(OR=1.011,95%CI:1.001~1.021)、维护情况(OR=1.011,95%CI:1.001~1.021)的满意度得分均与血压控制呈正相关。居住小区有专属绿地的患者血压控制率高于无专属绿地的患者(OR=1.333,95%CI:1.009~1.762)。结论绿地中健康促进元素及绿地的安全性、舒适性、维护情况以及专属绿地等绿地特征对血压控制有积极影响。

Objective To explore the influence of characteristics of green space on blood pressure control.Methods Hypertensive patients who were managed by community health centers for one year and aged 35 years old and above were selected as the study subjects in Shenzhen.Multi-stage random sampling method was applied to select a representative sample of 1200 patients.A total of 1116 valid questionnaires were collected,with a response rate of 93.0%.From November 2019 to January 2020,well-structured questionnaire,physical examination and laboratory biochemical test were applied for information collection among the 1116 participants.Binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between characteristics of green space and blood pressure control.Results The rate of blood pressure control was 67.8%.Results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting confounding factors,health supporting elements,such as fitness areas(OR=1.678,95%CI:1.231-2.288),collective exercise venues(OR=1.373,95%CI:1.020-1.848),health knowledge promotion areas(OR=1.416,95%CI:1.049-1.911)in green space,were significantly correlated with blood pressure control.Green space safetiness(OR=1.010,95%CI:1.000-1.019),comfortableness(OR=1.011,95%CI:1.001-1.021)and maintenance status(OR=1.011,95%CI:1.001-1.021)also played a role.The rate of blood control among patients with exclusive green space was higher than that of patients without exclusive green space(OR=1.333,95%CI:1.009-1.762).Conclusion Health supporting elements,safety,comfort,maintenance of green space and exclusive green space play an important role in blood pressure controlling.