“立朝与立市”:从《周礼》看中国传统市政的职能与理念

“Establishing the Court and Establishing the Market”:The Function and Idea of Traditional Chinese Municipal Administration Viewed from Rites of Zhou

现代意义上的市政是指对城市的规划建设与管理,而《周礼》中的市政概念除了“掌其卖儥之事”,即对市场经济运行的管理之外,还有着“封邦建国立社稷”的深层政治意蕴。其“面朝后市”不仅是“市”与“城”关系的管理规则,且体现出封建社会“国王理朝政”“王后理市政”的家天下理念。

In the modern sense,municipal administration refers to the planning of urban construction and management.The concept of municipal administration in Rites of Zhou not only means administrating the economic operation,but also contains a deeply political implication—founding a country.Its“market behind the court”is not only the management rule of the relationship between“market”and“city”,but also reflects the feudal society's family and world philosophy of“the king manages the government affairs”and“the queen manages the municipal affairs”.