健康中国背景下我国女大学生体育参与障碍因素的社会生态学分析

A Social Ecological Analysis of Barriers to Female University Students’ Sport Participation Under the Background of Healthy China

目的:基于社会生态学模型探究我国女大学生体育参与所面临的障碍。方法:运用问卷调查法在全国11个地区对2000名18~22岁女大学生进行实地调查,并用描述性统计、独立样本t检验、探索性因子分析及验证性因子分析对数据进行分析。结果:1)经常参与组和不经常参与组参与障碍存在显著差异,不经常参与组障碍多于经常参与组,经常参与组感知环境障碍最强烈,不经常参与组感知个人障碍最强烈;2)个人障碍和环境障碍是两组人的强影响因素,人际关系障碍和政策障碍是两组人的弱影响因素;3)不经常参与组女大学生感知的强影响因素包括个人时间因素、个人生理因素、个人毅力品质、个人心理因素、场地环境因素、自然环境因素、运动氛围因素;经常参与组女大学生感知的强影响因素包括个人生理因素、环境障碍因素中的场地环境因素、自然环境因素;4)弱影响因素中对不经常参与组女大学生影响较大的是周围人的参与、居住地周围体育场地设施缺乏女性体育设施;对经常参与组女大学生影响较大的是周围人的支持、当地体育俱乐部没有为女性提供锻炼机会。结论与建议:女大学生体育参与障碍因素受社会生态学模型下多方面因素综合影响,促进女大学生体育参与也应构建综合性支持环境。

Objective:To explore the barriers faced by female university students’sport participation from the perspective of social ecology model.Methods:The questionnaire survey method was used to conduct a field survey of 2000 female university students aged 18~22 in 11 regions of the country,and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics,independent sample t test,exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.Results:1)There is a significant difference in participation barriers between the frequent participation group and the infrequent participation group.The infrequent participation group has more barriers than the frequent participation group.The frequent participation group has the strongest perception of environmental barriers,and the infrequent participation group has the strongest personal barriers;2)Personal barriers and environmental barriers are strong influencing factors of the two groups;interpersonal relationship barriers and policy barriers are weak influencing factors of the two groups;3)The strong influencing factors perceived by female university students in the infrequent participation group include personal time factors,personal physiological factors,personal perseverance quality,personal psychological factors,site environmental factors,natural environmental factors and exercise atmosphere factors;strong influencing factors perceived by female university students in the frequent participation group include personal physiological factors,site environmental factors and natural environmental factors;4)Among the weak influencing factors,the greater impact on female university students in the infrequent participation group is the participation of surrounding people and the lack of female exercise facilities around the place of residence;the greater impact on female university students in the frequent participation group is the support of the surrounding people and the local sports clubs do not provide women with exercise opportunities.Conclusion and suggestion:The barrier factors of female university students’sport participation are comprehensively affected by various factors under the social ecology model,and the comprehensive support environment should be constructed to promote female university students’sport participation.