清末官垦与蒙旗财政危机——以科尔沁右翼前旗为中心的考察

Official Reclamation and the Financial Crisis of the Mongolian Banner in the Late Qing Dynasty——Centered on South Banner of Right Qorcin

清末“新政”时期,清政府对内蒙古地区进行的官垦是其治蒙政策转变的核心内容。就科尔沁右翼前旗而言,官垦不仅扩大了该旗的开垦规模,而且对旗内财政产生了明显的影响。官垦推行前,科尔沁右翼前旗已陷入财政危机之中,即使极力搜罗资金,也难以偿清巨额债务。官垦的推行虽然产生了巨额荒价银及地租,但并未起到使其摆脱债务的作用,反使危机加重,给列强的经济侵略埋下了隐患。

In the period of New Polices in the late Qing dynasty,the Qing government's official reclamation of Inner Mongolia was the core content of its change in Mongolian policy.South banner of right Qorcin,for example,official reclamation not only expanded the reclamation scale in this banner,but also had a significant impact on the finance within the banner.Before the official reclamation,south banner of right Qorcin was caught in a financial crisis.Even if it tried hard to collect funds,it was difficult to pay off huge debts.Although official reclamation has generated huge amounts of funds,it had not played a role in repaying debts,even made the crisis worse.This laid a hidden danger for the economic aggression of various powers.