德国的家庭政策变迁及其对我国的启示

Changes in German Family Policy and Its Implications for China

在人口结构向少子高龄化加速发展的过程中,如何通过相关政策支持女性平衡工作与家庭之间的关系十分重要。通过梳理德国家庭政策与女性就业的变化可知:20世纪80年代,德国针对育儿女性出台的一系列家庭政策鼓励女性以母亲角色替代就业者角色,而非帮助育儿妇女实现工作与家庭的平衡,从而在提高与女性劳动参与率的同时导致人口出生率大幅下降;自20世纪90年代以来,德国通过一系列家庭政策支持育儿妇女平衡工作与家庭之间的关系,实现了女性劳动参与率和人口生育率的同步提升,可供我国借鉴。

In the process of accelerating population aging and decliningbirth rate,How to support women to balance work and family through relevant policies is very important.Drawing on the case of Germany,this paper finds that in the 1980s,a series of family policies for women with children in Germany encouraged women to substitute paid work with motherhood,rather than helping parenting women achieve work-family balance,the increase in female labor participation rates is accompanied by a sharp drop in the birth rate.Since the 1990s,Germany has adopted a series of family policies and measures to support child-rearing women to balance work and family,achieving a simultaneous increase in the female labor force participation rate and population fertility rate,which is worth for China to learn from.