不同产区‘红灯’樱桃香气成分与产地生态因子相关性分析

Correlation Analysis between Aroma Components and Ecological Factors of‘Hongdeng’Cherry in Different Producing Areas

为探究产地生态因子对樱桃果实香气的影响,本研究以我国5个不同生态条件地区的同一品种(‘红灯’)樱桃为实验材料,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)对5个樱桃样品进行香气特征分析,揭示不同产区‘红灯’樱桃香气差异,并采用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)、Pearson相关性分析和冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)对GC-MS结果与产地生态因子进行关联性分析,明确影响不同产区樱桃香气成分差异的具体环境因素。结果表明,不同产地‘红灯’樱桃香气物质在种类和含量上都有一定的差异,山西‘红灯’樱桃香气总量最高,特别是醛类香气占其香气总量的95%以上。陕西‘红灯’樱桃香气总量最低,仅为23493.07μg/L。而山东‘红灯’樱桃香气种类最为丰富,有8种特有香气物质。产地生态因子,特别是年积温、年日照时数和年降水量可以对樱桃香气产生显著性影响,其中年日照时数与75%的香气物质呈现正相关关系,与酮类香气(R^(2)=0.890)呈显著正相关(P<0.05),年积温与84.4%的香气呈现正相关,但与酯类香气(R^(2)=-0.979)呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),而年降水量与84.4%的香气物质呈现负相关关系。研究结果有助于更好地理解香气物质代谢和生态因素的内在关系,对揭示环境对水果香气的影响具有重要的意义。

In order to explore the effect of ecological factors on the aroma of cherry fruit,the aroma differences of’Hongdeng’cherry from different ecological conditions in China were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),and principal component analysis(PCA).Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis(RDA)were used to analyze the correlation between the aroma and ecological factors of habitats.The results showed different results of types and contents of volatile compounds in different regions.‘Hongdeng’cherry in Shanxi had the highest amount of volatile compounds.Especially,more than 95%of the total content of volatile compounds were aldehydes.The total content of volatile compounds of‘Hongdeng’cherry in Shaanxi was the lowest,only 23493.07μg/L.Among them,eight kinds of characteristic volatile compounds were found in Shandong‘Hongdeng’cherry.Ecological factors,especially annual accumulated temperature,annual sunshine hours and annual precipitation,had significant effects on cherry aroma.The annual sunshine hours was positively correlated to 75%volatile compounds,especially ketone aroma(R^(2)=0.89,P<0.05).84.4%volatile compounds showed positive correlation with annual accumulated temperature and negative correlation with annual precipitation.However,ester aroma showed a significantly negative correlation(R^(2)=-0.979)with annual accumulated temperature(P<0.01).The results conduce to further understand the relationship between metabolism synthesis of aroma substances and ecological factors,and it is significant for revealing the influence of environment on fruit aroma substance.