美国艾滋病流行情况及艾滋病防控策略

Research of HIV/AIDS epidemic situation and HIV/AIDS prevention and control strategies in the United States

本文对美国艾滋病最新流行情况和防控经验进行了总结,以期为我国艾滋病防控工作提供参考。2008-2017年间,美国HIV/AIDS患者新发现病例数及新发现率大幅下降;死亡人数及病死率大幅下降;感染人数和感染率有所升高。目前美国HIV/AIDS患者新发感染以男性成年及青少年为主(2017年占80.8%)。美国艾滋病防控工作效果显著,主要的防控策略及措施包括:艾滋病检测、病例报告制度、发病率监测、社区预防和健康教育、制定相关法律法规、重视艾滋病疫苗和药物研发等。

The article summarized the latest HIV epidemic situation and the experience of HIV/AIDS prevention and control in the United States, to provide a reference for HIV/AIDS prevention and control in China. Between 2008 and2017, the number of newly infected HIV/AIDS cases and the incidence decreased significantly in the United States, as well as the number of deaths and case fatality. In contrast, the number of persons living with HIV/AIDS and the rate of infection increased. At present, the majority of new HIV/AIDS infections in the United States are mainly among male adults and adolescents(80.8% in 2017). The effectiveness of HIV/AIDS prevention in the United States depends on the following measures such as HIV testing, case reporting system, morbidity monitoring, community prevention and health education, formulation of relevant laws and regulations, and emphasis on AIDS vaccine and drug research development.