食用菌表型组技术研究进展

Research progress on mushroom phenotyping

食用菌已成为我国农业的第五大种植业,在"精准扶贫"战役中发挥了重要作用。然而,经过40年的快速发展,食用菌行业依然面临着众多问题亟待解决,尤其是在工厂化栽培生产中我们还严重依赖国外选育的菌种。随着基因测序和表型组等新技术的蓬勃发展,"数据驱动"的生物学研究取得了一系列突破性进展。这些新技术也为解决食用菌行业面临的问题带来了机遇。其中表型组研究通过光学设备和传感器将肉眼观察和手工测量的数据数字化,与基因组、代谢组等数据构成食用菌组学大数据,为食用菌分类、种质资源评价、育种、基因功能和栽培等研究提供了新思路。本文重点描述了食用菌表型性状,介绍了表型组技术在食用菌研究中的应用,同时回顾了植物表型组技术的进展和应用领域,并讨论了食用菌表型组研究的关键技术和面临的挑战。期望通过对食用菌基因组、表型组、代谢组等多组学技术的整合研究和大数据的积累,推动"数据驱动"的食用菌遗传育种和栽培生产。

Edible mushrooms have become the fifth largest cultivation industry in China and played important roles in the battle of targeted poverty alleviation. Although rapid growth has been realized over the past 40 years, China’s edible mushroom industry is still facing many problems that need to be solved urgently. For example, we still rely heavily on cultivated varieties from abroad. With the development of new technologies such as gene sequencing and phenotyping, a series of breakthroughs have been made in "data-driven" biological research. These new technologies also bring opportunities to solve the problems faced by our mushroom industry. Among them, phenotyping using optical equipment and sensors digitizes the data of naked-eye observation and manual measurement. Combination of data of genomics and metabolomics generates big data of "edible-mushroom-omics" which provides new ideas for mushroom classification, germplasm resource evaluation, breeding, gene function research and cultivation. In this article, mushroom phenotyping was described and the development of plant phenotyping technology was reviewed, and the application and challenges for edible mushroom phenome research were discussed. Integrated study of multi-omics data, including genomics, phenomics, metabolomics will hopefully promote the development of "data-driven" genetic breeding and cultivation of edible mushrooms.