新世纪中国菌物新名称发表概况(2000–2020)

Overview of China’s nomenclature novelties of fungi in the new century(2000–2020)

2000–2020年间,我国菌物学研究取得了丰硕的成果,在新物种发现、重要类群新分类系统、资源保护与开发利用等多方面取得了重要进展。本文通过对世界菌物名称信息库Index Fungorum、Fungal Names和MycoBank进行数据整理,从中国学者的研究产出和中国的菌物新物种发现的角度展开分析,揭示我国菌物分类学的研究概况。新世纪以来,中国从事菌物分类学的研究人员数量、研究类群规模和研究成果数量都处于稳步上升的趋势,在世界贡献的比重逐渐增长,有1 491位中国学者在4 029篇文章和36部专著中发表了9430个新名称(含中国学者发表的采集自国外的物种),占全世界新发表名称总数的七分之一,其中新分类单元7 120个(含新纲3个、新目24个、新科88个,新亚科4个、新属492个、新亚属3个、新组及新亚组23个、新种6 404个和新种下单元79个)、新组合1 868个、新修订名称61个和其他新名称381个。这些新名称隶属于11门43纲173目525科1 997属,重点研究类群为子囊菌与担子菌等。若统计采集自中国的新物种,则发现了5458个菌物新物种,其中90%以上由我国学者独立或合作完成发表。在地域分布方面,我国南方发现的菌物新物种数量多于北方,而云南是发现菌物新物种最多的省份,占全国发现新物种总数的大约四分之一。

From 2000 to 2020, mycological studies in China has achieved encouraging progress in several aspects, such as discovery of new species, construction of new taxonomic schemes for important groups, biodiversity conservation and bio-resource exploitation. In this paper, the research progress of newly published fungal names in China, especially those from Chinese scholars are statistically summarized and presented based on the data retrieved from Index Fungorum, Fungal Names and MycoBank. The result shows that the number of Chinese scholars, and their research outputs have increased greatly in the new century, together with the increasing contribution to the world taxonomy of fungi. At least 9 430 new fungal names, including 7 120 new taxa(i.e. 3 new classes, 24 new orders, 88 new families, 4 new subfamilies, 492 new genera, 3 new subgenera, 23 new sections and subsections, 6 404 new species and 79 new intraspecific taxa), 1 868 new combinations, 61 new revised names and 381 other new names, were published by 1 491 Chinese scholars in 4 029 articles and 36 monographs, accounting for ca. 1/7 of all names published worldwide. These new fungal names belonged to 11 phyla, 43 classes, 173 orders, 525 families and 1 997 genera, among which ascomycetes and basidiomycetes have received more attentions. Most new fungal species were discovered from southern China, while Yunnan is the most important source of new discoveries accounting for ca. 1/4 of total in China.