川芎主产区土壤养分空间变异及丰缺评价

Spatial Variation and Abundance Evaluation of Soil Nutrient in Soil of Ligusticum chuanxiong in Main Producing Regions

目的:评价川芎主产区土壤养分的空间变异与丰缺状况。方法:测定成都平原33个乡镇173个土壤样品pH,凯氏定氮法测定全氮,钼锑抗比色法测定有效磷,火焰光度法测定速效钾,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定有效铜、有效锌、有效锰、有效铁,分光光度法测定色度,采用地质统计学方法分析土壤养分的基本特征、空间分布规律和相关性。结果:川芎主产区有效锰和有效铁含量分布均呈现中等程度(25%<块基比<75%)的空间自相关性,受土壤类型和人为活动共同影响,其高值区域分别分布在眉山东北部和彭州-什邡一带。川芎主产区土壤的酸碱度基本适宜(pH=5.77);全氮和有效磷含量丰富,平均值分别为2.18 g·kg^(-1)和72.07 mg·kg^(-1)。除邛崃和绵竹外,川芎其他产区的速效钾均存在不同程度缺乏(<100 mg·kg^(-1)),占总样品的18.50%。除眉山外,川芎其他产区的有效锰均存在不同程度缺乏(<5 mg·kg^(-1)),占总样品的14.45%。有效铜、有效锌、有效铁的质量分数极高,平均值分别为5.82、8.83、371.33 mg·kg^(-1)。土壤色度L值与全氮、有效铁含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),土壤色度a、b值与有效锰呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与有效磷呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。结论:川芎主产区全氮、有效磷、有效铜、有效锌、有效铁含量丰富,而速效钾、有效锰存在不同程度缺乏。7个营养元素的空间自相关性均较低,其质量分数的变异度较大,提示施肥等人为因素对川芎产地土壤养分影响较大。

Objective:To evaluate the spatial variation and abundance of soil nutrients in the main producing regions of Ligusticum chuanxiong.Methods:173 soil samples from 33 villages and towns in the Chengdu plain were determined.The pH meter was used to measure pH value,Kjeldahl method for determination of the total nitrogen,molybdenum antimony anticolorimetric method for the available phosphorus,flame photometric method for the available potassium,ICP-OES were applied to determine the available copper,available zinc,available manganese,available iron,and spectrophotometric method to determine the color.The basic characteristics,spatial distribution,and correlation of soil parameters were analyzed.Results:The content distribution of available manganese and available iron showed a medium degree of spatial autocorrelation.They were influenced by both soil types and human activities,high value areas were respectively distributed in the northeast of Meishan and the Pengzhou-Shifang area.The pH of soil was basically suitable(pH=5.77).The contents of total nitrogen and available phosphorus were abundant,with the average values of 2.18 g·kg^(-1) and 72.07 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.Except Qionglai and Mianzhu,other producing areas had varying degrees of available potassium deficiency.The proportion of samples with available potassium content<100 mg·kg^(-1) was 18.50%.Except Meishan,there were different degrees of effective manganese deficiency in other producing areas,and the proportion of samples with effective manganese content<5 mg·kg^(-1) was 14.45%.Contents of available copper,available zinc,and available iron were extremely high,with average values of 5.82,8.83,371.33 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.Soil color parameter L was positively correlated with total nitrogen and available iron content(P<0.01),soil color parameters a and b were positively correlated with available manganese(P<0.01),and were negatively correlated with available phosphorus(P<0.01).Conclusion:The contents of total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available copper,available zinc,and available iron in the main producing areas of L.chuanxiong were abundant,while the contents of available potassium and available manganese were deficient to some degrees.The spatial autocorrelation of the seven nutrient elements was low,and the variation degree of their mass fractions was large,suggesting that human activities such as fertilization had a greater impact on soil nutrients of L.chuanxiong.