高校中国古代史教学中的“中国观”问题——以辽宋西夏金史课程为例

On the“View of China”in the Teaching of Ancient Chinese History in Colleges and Universities:Taking the Course of Liao,Song,Xixia and Jin History as an Example

历史上的中国认同意识发端于先秦时期,辽宋西夏金各政权在发展过程中均形成了自己的“中国观”,以此为切入点,可以寻绎出讲授这一时期历史的重要线索。“中国”一词随着历史发展逐渐具备国都、中原地区、中原政权及文化上的中华四种意义,共同构成了古代“中国观”的内涵。通过课堂教学与讨论,引导学生从具体史料出发,辨析辽宋西夏金各政权的“中国观”及认同意识,可以有效解决目前中国古代史教学中将上述政权人为分割为断代史分别讲授、各自为营的困境,从而形成中华一体的整体史观。

In history,the consciousness of Chinese identity originated in the pre-Qin period.The dynasties of Liao,Song,Xixia and Jin all formed their own“view of China”in the process of development,which can be taken as a starting point to deduce important clues for teaching the history of this period.The word“China”gradually took on four meanings as it developed:the capital,the Central Plains,the Central Plains regimes,and the culture of China,which together formed the connotation of the“view of China”in ancient times.Through classroom teaching and discussion,students are guided to identify the concept of“view of China”and the consciousness of identity of the Liao,Song,Xixia,and Jin regimes from specific historical materials,which can effectively solve the problem that in the current teaching of ancient Chinese history,the above mentioned regimes are often artificially divided into dynastic histories and are often taught separately,thus forming the unified historical view of China.