上消化道黏膜下肿瘤的病理学特征和分布特点

Pathological characteristics and distribution characteristics of submucosal tumors of the upper digestive tract

目的探讨上消化道黏膜下肿瘤的病理学特征和分布特点。方法选取2012年1月至2019年12月因上消化道黏膜下肿瘤疾病来本院接受治疗的260例患者作为研究对象。所有患者均进行内镜检查,并比较其病理学特征及分布特点。结果在食管各段的黏膜下肿瘤患者中主要以平滑肌瘤居多,占78.8%(67/85);在胃黏膜下肿瘤中,贲门部位主要以平滑肌肿瘤居多,占76.5%(13/17);在胃底与胃体中则主要以胃肠间质瘤居多,分别占58.9%(33/56)、43.9%(18/41),其次为平滑肌瘤,分别占32.1%(18/56)、26.8%(11/41);胃窦部位则主要以异位胰腺为主,占41.7%(10/24);在十二指肠黏膜下肿瘤中,均以囊肿情况居多,占51.4%(19/37)。结论在上消化道黏膜下肿瘤患者中,食管全段及贲门部位主要为平滑肌瘤,而在胃底与胃体部则主要以胃肠间质瘤与平滑肌瘤多见,胃窦部则主要以异位胰腺为主,在十二指肠中则以囊肿情况为主。

Objective To investigate the pathological characteristics and distribution characteristics of submucosal tumors in the upper digestive tract.Methods From January 2012 to December 2019,260 patients who came to our hospital for treatment due to upper digestive tract submucosal tumors were selected as the research subjects.All patients underwent endoscopy,and their pathological characteristics and distribution characteristics were compared.Results Among patients with submucosal tumors in each segment of the esophagus,leiomyomas were the main ones,accounting for 78.8%(67/85);among gastric submucosal tumors,smooth muscle tumors were the main ones in the cardia,accounting for 76.5%(13/17);in the fundus and body of the stomach,gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the main ones,accounting for 58.9%(33/56)and 43.9%(18/41)respectively,followed by leiomyomas,accounting for 32.1%(18/56)and 26.8%(11/41)respectively;the gastric antrum is mainly ectopic pancreas,accounting for 41.7%(10/24);in duodenal submucosal tumors,cysts are the majority,accounting for 51.4%(19/37).Conclusion In patients with submucosal tumors of the upper digestive tract,leiomyomas are mainly found in the entire esophagus and cardia,while gastrointestinal stromal tumors and leiomyomas are more common in the fundus and body of the stomach,and in the antrum.It is mainly ectopic pancreas,and cysts in the duodenum.