我国优质高产苜蓿发展状况及对策建议

Development status and countermeasures of high quality and high yield alfalfa in China

苜蓿是牧草皇后,综合营养价值高于玉米和小麦等粮食作物,是维持奶牛健康进而持续提供优质、高产、安全生鲜乳的基础。2012年开始,农业农村部会同财政部实施振兴奶业苜蓿发展行动,截至2020年底,已累计支持建设高产优质苜蓿示范片区550万亩,支持带动国内优质苜蓿种植面积不断扩大,质量快速提升,有力促进了苜蓿产业和奶业的发展,优质苜蓿在推进奶业振兴中的“压舱石”作用得以凸显。但仍面临整体质量水平不高,优级以上苜蓿干草供给不足,草种供种能力不强等突出问题,需着力解决。本文通过对国际苜蓿供给及国内需求分析,提出构建苜蓿产业发展新格局的对策建议。

The alfalfa is hailed as the queen of forage,and its nutritional value is higher than that of other food crops like corn and wheat.It is the basis for dairy cows’health and continuous production of high-quality,high-yield and safe fresh milk.Since 2012,the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,together with the Ministry of Finance,has implemented the action of“Revitalizing Dairy Industry Alfalfa Development”.By the end of 2020,it has supported the construction of 5.5 million mu of high-yield and high-quality alfalfa demonstration area,supported and promoted the continuous expansion of domestic high-quality alfalfa planting area and rapid improvement of quality.This has greatly promoted the development of both alfalfa and dairy industry.High quality alfalfa is highlighted as the"ballast"in promoting the revitalization of dairy industry.However,there are still some significant problems to be solved,such as overall lower quality level,insufficient supply of superior grade alfalfa hay,and weak seed supply capacity.Based on the analysis of international alfalfa supply and domestic demand,this paper put forward countermeasures and suggestions for building a new development pattern of alfalfa industry.