国内养老机构标准化建设:边界、实践与展望

Standardized Construction of Elderly Care Institutions:Boundaries,Practice and Prospects

在新时代发展场景下,养老机构标准化建设有效回应了老年人对美好生活的需要,是社会治理现代化对养老服务供给的基本要求。养老机构标准化建设因关乎公共利益,指标选取应注重把握老年人需要的多层次多类型特征,指标选取和标准设定要防止制度成本的无效扩张,标准供给要预防标准化建设过程中的公共政策失灵。通过国家的连续性政策梳理与地方的针对性实践考察,当前,国内养老机构标准化建设总结出了国家层面与地方层面双向互动、试点经验与专家知识相互结合、行政主体与社会力量协同合作等宝贵经验。未来的养老机构标准化建设,应持续优化养老机构标准化建设路径,加快推进养老机构标准体系化建设,构建养老机构标准化建设长效执行机制,探索向全行业辐射机制。

In the new era,the standardization of nursing home effectively responds to the needs of the elderly for a better life,and is also a requirement for the supply of elderly-care services in the modernization of social governance.The standardized construction of elderly care institutions includes selection index and standard setting in which a certain reasonable boundary is needed because it is related to public interests.Ineffective expansion of institutional costs and failure of public policy should be prevented in the process of standardization construction,in response to the multiple needs of the elderly.Through studies on the continuous national policies and local pilot practices,we have drawn valuable experiences of standardized construction of elderly care institutions,such as two-way interaction at the national and local levels,the combination of pilot experience and expertise,and the coordination and cooperation of administrative entities and social forces.In future standardized construction of elderly care institutions,we should continue to optimize and accelerate the scientific advancement of the standardization,so as to develop from pilot practice to industry and build a long-term implementation mechanism.